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Merge Phase 7e: polymorphic print

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This commit is contained in:
Orkun ÇAKILKAYA 2026-08-28 01:22:38 +03:00
commit 058cac88ec
23 changed files with 2947 additions and 2924 deletions
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11
LANGUAGE.md
View file

@ -403,9 +403,9 @@ handler Share phase Update {
let a = new Tok
let b = a # b and a are the SAME object
b.kind = 9
print_int(a.kind) # 9
print(a.kind) # 9
bump(a) # the mutation is visible to the caller
print_int(a.kind) # 10
print(a.kind) # 10
}
```
@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ handler Walk phase Update {
let a = new Tok
let b = new Tok
a.next = b
print_int(a.next.kind)
print(a.next.kind)
a.next.kind = 42 # chains on the left of an assignment too
}
```
@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ header never moves, an append is visible to everything holding that slice.
handler Collect phase Update {
let toks = new []Tok
push(toks, new Tok)
for i in 0 .. len(toks) { print_int(toks[i].kind) }
for i in 0 .. len(toks) { print(toks[i].kind) }
}
```
@ -626,7 +626,8 @@ literal; test any pointer/record/slice with `x == null` / `x != null` (an unset
# state reg(i)->int set_reg(i,v) (64 integer resources shared by handlers)
# entity self()->entity
# save save() load()->bool (binary snapshot of the whole ECS World)
# control quit() print_int(i)
# control quit() print(x) (a value + newline)
# convert str(x) -> str (int/bool/fixed -> text)
# process os_argc()->int os_arg(i)->str (the command line; argv[0] included)
# file_stderr()->ptr (a handle for file_write, off stdout)
```

2
examples/annotations.ludic
View file

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ program RPG2D {
}
handler Report phase Render {
for (t, v) in query [Transform, Velocity] { print_int(t.x); print_int(v.speed2) }
for (t, v) in query [Transform, Velocity] { print(t.x); print(v.speed2) }
quit()
}
}

4
examples/hello.ludic
View file

@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ program Hello {
handler Report phase Update {
for (p) in query [Pos] {
print_int(p.x)
print_int(p.y)
print(p.x)
print(p.y)
}
quit()
}

8
examples/lib/arena.ludic
View file

@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ program Arena {
handler Fight phase Update {
for (f) in query [Fighter] {
print_int(damage(f.attack, f.armour, 0))
print_int(damage(f.attack, f.armour, 20))
print_int(hits_to_kill(f.hp, f.attack, f.armour))
print(damage(f.attack, f.armour, 0))
print(damage(f.attack, f.armour, 20))
print(hits_to_kill(f.hp, f.attack, f.armour))
}
print_int(xp_for(3, 4))
print(xp_for(3, 4))
quit()
}
}

10
examples/lifecycle.ludic
View file

@ -10,18 +10,18 @@ program Life {
model Enemy { Health, Sprite }
# ---- program lifecycle -----------------------------------------------------
@OnStart handler Boot { print_int(1) } # once, at boot
@OnQuit handler Bye { print_int(2) } # once, at shutdown
@OnStart handler Boot { print(1) } # once, at boot
@OnQuit handler Bye { print(2) } # once, at shutdown
# ---- property / entity lifecycle -------------------------------------------
@OnAttach(Sprite) handler Load { print_int(Sprite.id + 700) } # when a Sprite is attached
@OnAttach(Sprite) handler Load { print(Sprite.id + 700) } # when a Sprite is attached
@OnSpawn(Enemy) handler Init { Health.hp = Health.max } # constructor
@OnDespawn(Enemy) handler Clean { print_int(Health.hp + 900) } # destructor (dispatched by kind)
@OnDespawn(Enemy) handler Clean { print(Health.hp + 900) } # destructor (dispatched by kind)
handler Seed phase Start { spawn Enemy { Health { max: 50 } } }
handler Run phase Render {
for (h) in query [Health] { print_int(h.hp) } # 50 — Init set hp to max
for (h) in query [Health] { print(h.hp) } # 50 — Init set hp to max
for (e) in query [Health] { despawn self() } # Clean fires: 50 + 900 = 950
quit()
}

4
examples/qdecl.ludic
View file

@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ program QueryDecl {
# property; `on: Foe` adds the {Foe} kind filter.
@Queries(these: [Battle{hp <= 0 and side == 1}, Pos], on: Foe)
handler CleanBattle phase LateUpdate {
print_int(Pos.x)
print(Pos.x)
despawn self()
}
@Queries(these: [Battle])
handler Census phase Render {
print_int(Battle.hp)
print(Battle.hp)
}
handler Bye phase Render { quit() }

16
examples/scenes.ludic
View file

@ -7,32 +7,32 @@
program SceneDemo {
const R_N: int = 0
handler Boot phase Start { set_reg(R_N, 0); print_int(1000) }
handler Boot phase Start { set_reg(R_N, 0); print(1000) }
scene Title start {
on enter { print_int(1) }
on exit { print_int(2) }
on enter { print(1) }
on exit { print(2) }
layer Main {
handler Tick phase Update {
set_reg(R_N, reg(R_N) + 1)
print_int(100 + reg(R_N))
print(100 + reg(R_N))
if reg(R_N) >= 2 { become Play }
}
}
}
scene Play {
on enter { print_int(3); set_reg(R_N, 0) }
on exit { print_int(4) }
on enter { print(3); set_reg(R_N, 0) }
on exit { print(4) }
layer World {
handler Step phase Update {
set_reg(R_N, reg(R_N) + 1)
print_int(200 + reg(R_N))
print(200 + reg(R_N))
if reg(R_N) >= 2 { quit() }
}
}
layer Hud {
handler Draw phase Render { print_int(900) }
handler Draw phase Render { print(900) }
}
}
}

14
examples/strings.ludic
View file

@ -3,24 +3,24 @@
program Strings {
entry {
let greeting = "hello"
if greeting == "hello" { print_int(1) } # content comparison
if greeting != "world" { print_int(2) }
if greeting == "hello" { print(1) } # content comparison
if greeting != "world" { print(2) }
let who = "Ludic"
let msg = greeting + ", " + who + "!" # concatenation chains
if msg == "hello, Ludic!" { print_int(3) }
if msg == "hello, Ludic!" { print(3) }
# build up a string in a loop
var line = ""
var i = 0
while i < 3 { line = line + "ab"; i = i + 1 }
if line == "ababab" { print_int(4) }
if line == "ababab" { print(4) }
if (greeting + who) != greeting { print_int(5) }
if (greeting + who) != greeting { print(5) }
# interpolation: `{expr}` embeds any expression (numbers become text)
let n = 42
if `{greeting}, {who}!` == "hello, Ludic!" { print_int(6) }
if `n={n}, next={n + 1}` == "n=42, next=43" { print_int(7) }
if `{greeting}, {who}!` == "hello, Ludic!" { print(6) }
if `n={n}, next={n + 1}` == "n=42, next=43" { print(7) }
}
}

10
examples/toggle.ludic
View file

@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ program Toggles {
model Player { Health, Shield }
# hooks run at the toggle point with the property's data bound by name
@OnDisable(Shield) handler Down { print_int(Shield.amount + 1) } # 5 + 1
@OnEnable(Shield) handler Up { print_int(Shield.amount + 2) } # 5 + 2
@OnDisable(Shield) handler Down { print(Shield.amount + 1) } # 5 + 1
@OnEnable(Shield) handler Up { print(Shield.amount + 2) } # 5 + 2
handler Seed phase Start { spawn Player { Health { max: 50 }, Shield { amount: 5 } } }
@ -21,17 +21,17 @@ program Toggles {
for (e) in query [Player] { disable Shield on self() } # @OnDisable -> 6
var n = 0
for (s) in query [Shield] { n += 1 }
print_int(n) # 0 — no live Shield now
print(n) # 0 — no live Shield now
for (e) in query [Player] { enable Shield on self() } # @OnEnable -> 7, data intact
n = 0
for (s) in query [Shield] { n += 1 }
print_int(n) # 1 — amount is still 5
print(n) # 1 — amount is still 5
disable Player # whole model off
n = 0
for (p) in query [Player] { n += 1 }
print_int(n) # 0 — model disabled
print(n) # 0 — model disabled
quit()
}
}

7
selfhost/emit_decl.ludic
View file

@ -94,9 +94,10 @@ fn emit_program() -> void {
fn ir_flush(path: ptr) -> bool {
let h = buf_str(head)
let c = buf_str(code)
if (path == null) {
print_str(h)
print_str(c)
if (path == null) { # raw IR to stdout (no trailing newline)
let out = file_stdout()
file_write(out, h, slen(h))
file_write(out, c, slen(c))
return true
}
let f = file_open(path, "wb")

6
selfhost/emit_expr.ludic
View file

@ -132,6 +132,12 @@ fn emit_call(e: Node) -> Val {
g_uses_intstr = true
return val(emit_bind(("call ptr @fn_int_str(i32 " + (a.code + ")"))), "str")
}
if (name == "print") { # print(x): a value + newline (int or string)
let a = emit_expr(e.kids[0])
if (llty(a.ty) == "ptr") { emit(" call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_line, ptr " + (a.code + ")\n")) }
else { emit(" call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_int, i32 " + (a.code + ")\n")) }
return val("0", "void")
}
if (name == "fx") { let a = emit_expr(e.kids[0]); return val(emit_bind(("shl i32 " + (a.code + ", 16"))), "fixed") }
if (name == "flr") { let a = emit_expr(e.kids[0]); return val(emit_bind(("ashr i32 " + (a.code + ", 16"))), "int") }
if is_intrinsic(name) { return emit_intrinsic(name, e) }

3
selfhost/emit_head.ludic
View file

@ -69,8 +69,9 @@ fn emit_header() -> void {
emith("declare i32 @win_running()\n")
emith("declare void @win_close()\n")
emith("@__stderrp = external global ptr\n")
emith("@.fmt_str = private unnamed_addr constant [3 x i8] c\"%s\\00\"\n")
emith("@__stdoutp = external global ptr\n")
emith("@.fmt_int = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c\"%d\\0A\\00\"\n")
emith("@.fmt_line = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c\"%s\\0A\\00\"\n")
emith("@L_argc = internal global i32 0\n")
emith("@L_argv = internal global ptr null\n")
emith("@.gametitle = private unnamed_addr constant [")

14
selfhost/emit_intrin.ludic
View file

@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ fn is_intrinsic(name: ptr) -> bool {
if (name == "peek8") or (name == "poke8") { return true }
if (name == "file_open") or (name == "file_read") or (name == "file_write") { return true }
if (name == "file_seek") or (name == "file_tell") or (name == "file_close") { return true }
if (name == "print_str") or (name == "print_int") { return true }
if (name == "os_argc") or (name == "os_arg") or (name == "os_exit") or (name == "file_stderr") { return true }
if (name == "file_stdout") { return true }
if (name == "os_system") or (name == "os_getenv") { return true }
if (name == "peek32") or (name == "poke32") { return true }
return false
@ -75,16 +75,7 @@ fn emit_intrinsic(name: ptr, e: Node) -> Val {
emit(" call i32 @fclose(ptr "); emit(f); emit(")\n")
return val("0", "void")
}
if (name == "print_str") {
let s = arg_code(e, 0)
emit(" call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_str, ptr "); emit(s); emit(")\n")
return val("0", "void")
}
if (name == "print_int") {
let n = arg_code(e, 0)
emit(" call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_int, i32 "); emit(n); emit(")\n")
return val("0", "void")
}
# print_str / print_int are the polymorphic `print(x)` builtin now (emit_call).
if (name == "os_argc") { return val(emit_bind("load i32, ptr @L_argc"), "int") }
if (name == "os_arg") {
let i = arg_code(e, 0)
@ -100,6 +91,7 @@ fn emit_intrinsic(name: ptr, e: Node) -> Val {
return val("0", "void")
}
if (name == "file_stderr") { return val(emit_bind("load ptr, ptr @__stderrp"), "ptr") }
if (name == "file_stdout") { return val(emit_bind("load ptr, ptr @__stdoutp"), "ptr") }
if (name == "os_system") {
let c = arg_code(e, 0)
return val(emit_bind(("call i32 @system(ptr " + (c + ")"))), "int")

5695
selfhost/ludicc.seed.ll
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File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

8
selfhost/tests/control.ludic
View file

@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
program T {
fn fib(n: int) -> int { if n < 2 { return n }; return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2) }
entry {
print_int(fib(10)) # 55
print(fib(10)) # 55
var s = 0
for i in 0 .. 10 { if i == 5 { break }; if i % 2 == 0 { continue }; s = s + i }
print_int(s) # 1+3 = 4
print(s) # 1+3 = 4
var i = 0; var t = 0
while true { i = i + 1; if i > 5 { break }; t = t + i }
print_int(t) # 15
if false and (1/0 == 0) { print_int(999) } else { print_int(1) } # short-circuit: no div by zero
print(t) # 15
if false and (1/0 == 0) { print(999) } else { print(1) } # short-circuit: no div by zero
}
}

10
selfhost/tests/fixed.ludic
View file

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ program T {
entry {
let half = 0.5
let a = 1.5
print_int(flr(a + half)) # flr(2.0) = 2
print_int(flr(a * 2.0)) # flr(3.0) = 3
print(flr(a + half)) # flr(2.0) = 2
print(flr(a * 2.0)) # flr(3.0) = 3
let third = 1.0 / 3.0
print_int(flr(third * 3.0)) # ~flr(1.0) = 1 (may be 0 with rounding)
print_int(flr(fx(5) + a)) # flr(6.5) = 6
if a > half { print_int(1) } else { print_int(0) } # 1
print(flr(third * 3.0)) # ~flr(1.0) = 1 (may be 0 with rounding)
print(flr(fx(5) + a)) # flr(6.5) = 6
if a > half { print(1) } else { print(0) } # 1
}
}

12
selfhost/tests/match_bits.ludic
View file

@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ program T {
return 0
}
entry {
print_int(classify(65)) # 1
print_int(classify(67)) # 2
print_int(classify(90)) # 9
print_int((1 << 4)) # 16
print_int(((4 | 1) & 6)) # 4
print(classify(65)) # 1
print(classify(67)) # 2
print(classify(90)) # 9
print((1 << 4)) # 16
print(((4 | 1) & 6)) # 4
let p = mem_alloc(16)
poke32(p, 1, 9999)
print_int(peek32(p, 1)) # 9999
print(peek32(p, 1)) # 9999
}
}

8
selfhost/tests/slices.ludic
View file

@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
program T {
entry {
let xs = new []int
print_int(len(xs)) # 0
print(len(xs)) # 0
for i in 0 .. 20 { push(xs, i * i) }
print_int(len(xs)) # 20
print_int(xs[19]) # 361
print(len(xs)) # 20
print(xs[19]) # 361
xs[3] = 777
print_int(xs[3]) # 777
print(xs[3]) # 777
}
}

10
selfhost/tests/structs.ludic
View file

@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ program T {
fn bump(p: P) -> void { p.x = p.x + 100 }
entry {
let a = new P
print_int(a.y) # 7 default
print(a.y) # 7 default
a.x = 5
let b = a
b.x = 9
print_int(a.x) # 9 (reference)
print(a.x) # 9 (reference)
bump(a)
print_int(a.x) # 109
print(a.x) # 109
let c = new P
c.x = 2
a.next = c
print_int(a.next.x) # 2 chained
print(a.next.x) # 2 chained
a.next.x = 42
print_int(c.x) # 42
print(c.x) # 42
}
}

6
tools/editors/jetbrains/src/main/kotlin/io/ludic/ide/LudicTokens.kt
View file

@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ object LudicVocabulary {
"sprites_load", "draw_sprite", "draw_sprite_scaled", "ui_build", "ui_open",
"ui_tick", "ui_render", "ui_clicked", "ui_set_text", "ui_set_int", "ui_focus",
"ui_focused", "ui_visible", "key", "reg", "set_reg", "self", "save", "load",
"status", "print_int", "quit",
"status", "print", "str", "quit",
// compiler intrinsics: the floor the Ludic-written runtime stands on
"mem_alloc", "mem_realloc", "mem_free", "mem_copy", "mem_set", "peek8", "poke8", "peek32",
"os_argc", "os_arg", "file_stderr",
"os_argc", "os_arg", "file_stderr", "file_stdout",
"poke32", "peekp", "pokep", "peekf", "pokef", "ptr_add",
"as_fixed", "as_int", "file_open", "file_read", "file_write",
"file_seek", "file_tell", "file_close", "read_byte", "write_byte", "print_str",
"file_seek", "file_tell", "file_close", "read_byte", "write_byte",
"str_len", "os_exit", "os_time",
"is_windowed", "game_title", "win_open", "win_poll", "win_present",
"win_running", "win_close"

4
tools/editors/shared/ludic.tmLanguage.json
View file

@ -204,12 +204,12 @@
{
"comment": "the runtime surface — every name here resolves to rt_<name> in runtime/native",
"name": "support.function.builtin.ludic",
"match": "\\b(min|max|abs|clamp|seed|rng_range|rng_chance|fx|flr|map_size|map_row|tile|clear|present|fill_rect|frame_rect|put_px|text|text_int|font_load|text_ttf|text_w|text_h|image_load|draw_image|draw_image_scaled|draw_9slice|png_load|sprites_load|draw_sprite|draw_sprite_scaled|ui_build|ui_open|ui_tick|ui_render|ui_clicked|ui_set_text|ui_set_int|ui_focus|ui_focused|ui_visible|key|reg|set_reg|self|save|load|status|print_int|quit)\\b(?=\\s*\\()"
"match": "\\b(min|max|abs|clamp|seed|rng_range|rng_chance|fx|flr|map_size|map_row|tile|clear|present|fill_rect|frame_rect|put_px|text|text_int|font_load|text_ttf|text_w|text_h|image_load|draw_image|draw_image_scaled|draw_9slice|png_load|sprites_load|draw_sprite|draw_sprite_scaled|ui_build|ui_open|ui_tick|ui_render|ui_clicked|ui_set_text|ui_set_int|ui_focus|ui_focused|ui_visible|key|reg|set_reg|self|save|load|status|print|str|quit)\\b(?=\\s*\\()"
},
{
"comment": "compiler intrinsics — these lower straight to libc or the OS",
"name": "support.function.intrinsic.ludic",
"match": "\\b(mem_alloc|mem_realloc|mem_free|mem_copy|mem_set|peek8|poke8|peek32|poke32|peekp|pokep|peekf|pokef|ptr_add|as_fixed|as_int|file_open|file_read|file_write|file_seek|file_tell|file_close|read_byte|write_byte|print_str|str_len|os_exit|os_time|os_argc|os_arg|file_stderr|is_windowed|game_title|win_open|win_poll|win_present|win_running|win_close)\\b(?=\\s*\\()"
"match": "\\b(mem_alloc|mem_realloc|mem_free|mem_copy|mem_set|peek8|poke8|peek32|poke32|peekp|pokep|peekf|pokef|ptr_add|as_fixed|as_int|file_open|file_read|file_write|file_seek|file_tell|file_close|read_byte|write_byte|str_len|os_exit|os_time|os_argc|os_arg|file_stderr|file_stdout|is_windowed|game_title|win_open|win_poll|win_present|win_running|win_close)\\b(?=\\s*\\()"
}
]
},

4
tools/editors/vscode/syntaxes/ludic.tmLanguage.json
View file

@ -204,12 +204,12 @@
{
"comment": "the runtime surface — every name here resolves to rt_<name> in runtime/native",
"name": "support.function.builtin.ludic",
"match": "\\b(min|max|abs|clamp|seed|rng_range|rng_chance|fx|flr|map_size|map_row|tile|clear|present|fill_rect|frame_rect|put_px|text|text_int|font_load|text_ttf|text_w|text_h|image_load|draw_image|draw_image_scaled|draw_9slice|png_load|sprites_load|draw_sprite|draw_sprite_scaled|ui_build|ui_open|ui_tick|ui_render|ui_clicked|ui_set_text|ui_set_int|ui_focus|ui_focused|ui_visible|key|reg|set_reg|self|save|load|status|print_int|quit)\\b(?=\\s*\\()"
"match": "\\b(min|max|abs|clamp|seed|rng_range|rng_chance|fx|flr|map_size|map_row|tile|clear|present|fill_rect|frame_rect|put_px|text|text_int|font_load|text_ttf|text_w|text_h|image_load|draw_image|draw_image_scaled|draw_9slice|png_load|sprites_load|draw_sprite|draw_sprite_scaled|ui_build|ui_open|ui_tick|ui_render|ui_clicked|ui_set_text|ui_set_int|ui_focus|ui_focused|ui_visible|key|reg|set_reg|self|save|load|status|print|str|quit)\\b(?=\\s*\\()"
},
{
"comment": "compiler intrinsics — these lower straight to libc or the OS",
"name": "support.function.intrinsic.ludic",
"match": "\\b(mem_alloc|mem_realloc|mem_free|mem_copy|mem_set|peek8|poke8|peek32|poke32|peekp|pokep|peekf|pokef|ptr_add|as_fixed|as_int|file_open|file_read|file_write|file_seek|file_tell|file_close|read_byte|write_byte|print_str|str_len|os_exit|os_time|os_argc|os_arg|file_stderr|is_windowed|game_title|win_open|win_poll|win_present|win_running|win_close)\\b(?=\\s*\\()"
"match": "\\b(mem_alloc|mem_realloc|mem_free|mem_copy|mem_set|peek8|poke8|peek32|poke32|peekp|pokep|peekf|pokef|ptr_add|as_fixed|as_int|file_open|file_read|file_write|file_seek|file_tell|file_close|read_byte|write_byte|str_len|os_exit|os_time|os_argc|os_arg|file_stderr|file_stdout|is_windowed|game_title|win_open|win_poll|win_present|win_running|win_close)\\b(?=\\s*\\()"
}
]
},

5
tools/ludic-tools/ludic_syntax.h
View file

@ -138,7 +138,8 @@ static const LBuiltin LUDIC_BUILTINS[] = {
{"save","save()","Write a binary snapshot of the whole ECS world."},
{"load","load() -> bool","Restore the snapshot; false if there is none."},
{"status","status(s: str)","Set the one-line status message."},
{"print_int","print_int(i: int)","Print an integer to stdout."},
{"print","print(x)","Print a value (int or string) and a newline to stdout."},
{"str","str(x) -> str","Convert an int/bool/fixed to text (a string passes through)."},
{"quit","quit()","Stop the frame loop and exit."},
{0,0,0}
};
@ -149,6 +150,7 @@ static const LBuiltin LUDIC_INTRINSICS[] = {
{"os_argc","os_argc() -> int","Number of command-line arguments, argv[0] included."},
{"os_arg","os_arg(i: int) -> str","The i-th command-line argument."},
{"file_stderr","file_stderr() -> ptr","The standard error stream, for file_write."},
{"file_stdout","file_stdout() -> ptr","The standard output stream, for file_write."},
{"mem_free","mem_free(p: ptr)","Release an allocation."},
{"mem_copy","mem_copy(dst: ptr, src: ptr, n: int)","memcpy."},
{"mem_set","mem_set(p: ptr, byte: int, n: int)","memset."},
@ -171,7 +173,6 @@ static const LBuiltin LUDIC_INTRINSICS[] = {
{"file_close","file_close(f: ptr)","fclose."},
{"read_byte","read_byte() -> int","Read one byte from stdin, -1 at EOF."},
{"write_byte","write_byte(b: int)","Write one byte to stdout."},
{"print_str","print_str(s: str)","Write a string to stdout."},
{"str_len","str_len(s: str) -> int","Length of a string in bytes."},
{"os_exit","os_exit(code: int)","Terminate the process."},
{"os_time","os_time() -> int","Seconds since the epoch."},