feat(render3d): DLSS super resolution and Reflex through NVIDIA Streamline

streamline.ludic: slInit before the Vulkan instance, feature support per
adapter, a frame token per frame, Reflex sleep and PCL latency markers, and
DLSS super resolution on the lit HDR frame (Halton jitter, depth + zero
motion vectors with camera motion from clipToPrevClip, matrices carrying
the Vulkan path's y flip and depth remap). Bloom, tonemap and sharpen read
the upscaled size. The device asks for privateData and present_id, which
Streamline's hooks need. R3D_DLSS / R3D_REFLEX / R3D_SL_LOG for tests.
gpu_feature_implemented: DLSS and Reflex.

ludic bundle (Windows): app native "<dir>" copies native libraries beside
the executable.

Verified on an RTX 3070 Ti: DLSS Quality evaluates 1280x720 -> 1920x1080.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

packages/ludic.render3d/camera.ludic

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ function cam_init(aspect: int) -> void {
   cam_update()
 }
 function cam_begin_frame(n: int, w: int, h: int) -> void {
+  gsl_jitter_frame()
   cam_update()
 }
 function cam_set(x: int, y: int, z: int, yaw_deg: int, pitch_deg: int) -> void {
@@ -56,6 +57,12 @@ function cam_update() -> void {
   m4_perspective(cam_proj, cam_fov, cam_aspect, cam_near, cam_far)
   m4_mul(cam_vp_clean, cam_proj, cam_view)
   m4_inverse(cam_inv_vp_clean, cam_vp_clean)
+  # DLSS's sub-pixel jitter (streamline.ludic), in the projection the scene draws with only:
+  # culling, depth reconstruction and last frame's matrix keep the clean one
+  if gsl_jitter_x != 0 or gsl_jitter_y != 0 {
+    cam_proj[8] = f_sub(cam_proj[8], gsl_jitter_x)
+    cam_proj[9] = f_sub(cam_proj[9], gsl_jitter_y)
+  }
   m4_mul(cam_vp, cam_proj, cam_view)
   m4_inverse(cam_inv_vp, cam_vp)
   m4_inverse(cam_inv_proj, cam_proj)

packages/ludic.render3d/gpu.ludic

@@ -386,9 +386,10 @@ function gpu_caps_probe() -> void {
 }
 
 # Whether the renderer actually draws a feature yet. Until a feature lands, choosing it is saved and
-# shown, and says it takes effect later. The Vulkan renderer itself draws the whole game now (phase
+# shown, and says it takes effect later. The Vulkan renderer draws the whole game (phase 37-38), and
-# 37-38); ray tracing, DLSS, Reflex, HDR output and mesh-shader grass do not yet.
+# DLSS super resolution and Reflex run through NVIDIA Streamline (streamline.ludic); whether this
-function gpu_feature_implemented(f: int) -> bool { return f == GF_VULKAN }
+# machine can use one is the caps' question, not this one.
+function gpu_feature_implemented(f: int) -> bool { return f == GF_VULKAN or f == GF_DLSS or f == GF_REFLEX }
 
 # ---- vertex data --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # A Mesh is built through these and records what it is made of - which buffer feeds which

packages/ludic.render3d/gpu_vk.ludic

@@ -61,7 +61,9 @@ var gvk_has_dic: bool = false         # drawIndirectCount
 
 function gvk_init() -> bool {
   if gvk_ready { return true }
+  gsl_boot()
   if Vk.open() == 0 { gvk_why = "no Vulkan loader";  return false }
+  gsl_init()
 
   let cnt = bytes(4)
   Vk.put_i32(cnt, 0, 0)
@@ -156,6 +158,9 @@ function gvk_init() -> bool {
   Vk.put_i32(want13, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES)
   Vk.put_i32(want13, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_dynamicRendering, 1)
   Vk.put_i32(want13, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_synchronization2, 1)
+  # Streamline's hooks keep their own data on our objects (private data slots), and ask the device
+  # to have the feature rather than turning it on themselves
+  if gsl_on and Vk.get_i32(f13, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_privateData) == 1 { Vk.put_i32(want13, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_privateData, 1) }
   let want12 = bytes(VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features_sizeof)
   Vk.zero(want12, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features_sizeof)
   Vk.put_i32(want12, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES)
@@ -210,6 +215,8 @@ function gvk_init() -> bool {
   if gvk_has_surface {
     if not gvk_ext_in(dexts, nde, VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME) { gvk_why = `{gvk_device_name} has no swapchain`;  return false }
     Vk.put_ptr(dext_names, n_dext * 8, VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME);  n_dext += 1
+    # Reflex: Streamline adds VK_NV_low_latency2 to this device, which needs present ids it does not add
+    if gsl_on and gvk_ext_in(dexts, nde, "VK_KHR_present_id") { Vk.put_ptr(dext_names, n_dext * 8, "VK_KHR_present_id");  n_dext += 1 }
   }
   if n_dext > 0 {
     Vk.put_i32(dci, VkDeviceCreateInfo_enabledExtensionCount, n_dext)
@@ -220,6 +227,7 @@ function gvk_init() -> bool {
   gvk_dev = Vk.get_ptr(out, 0)
   Vk.get_device_queue(gvk_dev, gvk_family, 0, out)
   gvk_queue = Vk.get_ptr(out, 0)
+  gsl_probe_device(gvk_pd)
   gvk_mp = bytes(VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties_sizeof)
   Vk.get_physical_device_memory_properties(gvk_pd, gvk_mp)
 
@@ -521,6 +529,7 @@ function gvk_once_end(cb: pointer) -> bool {
 function gvk_shutdown() -> void {
   if not gvk_ready { return }
   Vk.device_wait_idle(gvk_dev)
+  gsl_shutdown()
   Vk.destroy_fence(gvk_dev, Vk.get_i64(gvk_fence, 0), null)
   Vk.destroy_command_pool(gvk_dev, gvk_pool, null)
   Vk.destroy_device(gvk_dev, null)

packages/ludic.render3d/gpu_vk_draw.ludic

@@ -1678,8 +1678,10 @@ function gvk_present_window() -> void {
   Vk.put_i32(pi, VkPresentInfoKHR_swapchainCount, 1)
   Vk.put_ptr(pi, VkPresentInfoKHR_pSwapchains, chains)
   Vk.put_ptr(pi, VkPresentInfoKHR_pImageIndices, idx)
+  gsl_before_present()
   r = Vk.queue_present_khr(gvk_queue, pi)
   if r == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR or r == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR { gvk_swap_stale = true }
+  gsl_after_present()
 }
 
 # a window's client area changed: the screen images and the swapchain follow it

packages/ludic.render3d/gpu_vk_res.ludic

@@ -171,6 +171,9 @@ function gvk_tex_storage(tex: int, array: bool, ifmt: int, w: int, h: int, layer
   if samples > 1 { levels = 1 }
   var usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT
   if depth { usage = usage | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT } else { usage = usage | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT }
+  # DLSS reads and writes the frame from compute: a float colour target is storage too while
+  # Streamline is running (8-bit sRGB formats cannot be, so only the float ones)
+  if gsl_on and samples == 1 and (vkfmt == VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT or vkfmt == VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT) { usage = usage | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT }
   let ici = bytes(VkImageCreateInfo_sizeof)
   Vk.zero(ici, VkImageCreateInfo_sizeof)
   Vk.put_i32(ici, VkImageCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO)

packages/ludic.render3d/post.ludic

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ var post_depth_copy: Target = null
 var post_prev: Target = null       # last frame's scene colour, for the SSGI bounce only
 var post_scene: Target = null      # this frame's scene colour before the water, for refraction
 var post_frame: int = 0
+var post_color_w: int = 0          # its size: the display's when DLSS upscaled it
+var post_color_h: int = 0
 var post_color: int = 0            # the HDR colour the rest of post reads      # the resolved depth, copied so passes can read it while drawing into the frame
 var post_p_sharp: int = 0
 var post_sharpen: int = 0
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ function post_bloom_pass() -> void {
   gpu_depth_test(false)
   gpu_blend(false)
   var src = post_color
-  var sw = post_w;  var sh = post_h
+  var sw = post_color_w;  var sh = post_color_h
   gpu_use_program(post_p_down)
   for i in 0 .. BLOOM_LEVELS {
     let t = post_bloom[i]
@@ -315,7 +317,7 @@ function post_tonemap(color_tex: int) -> void {
   gpu_viewport(0, 0, gl_w, gl_h)
   gpu_use_program(post_p_sharp)
   r3d_bind_2d(post_p_sharp, "u_src", 0, post_ldr.color)
-  u_f2(gpu_uniform(post_p_sharp, "u_texel"), fr(1, post_w), fr(1, post_h))
+  u_f2(gpu_uniform(post_p_sharp, "u_texel"), fr(1, post_ldr.w), fr(1, post_ldr.h))
   u_f(gpu_uniform(post_p_sharp, "u_amount"), post_sharpen)
   u_f(gpu_uniform(post_p_sharp, "u_grain"), post_grain)
   u_f(gpu_uniform(post_p_sharp, "u_time"), r3d_time)

packages/ludic.render3d/r3d.ludic

@@ -29,4 +29,5 @@ import "actor.ludic"
 import "stream.ludic"
 import "grass.ludic"
 import "water.ludic"
+import "streamline.ludic"
 import "render.ludic"

packages/ludic.render3d/render.ludic

@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ function r3d_frame(time: int) -> void {
     r3d_resize()
   }
   r3d_time = time
+  gsl_frame_start()
   # the frame's counters close here, before any of its own work: the window each of them
   # covers is exactly one frame, from this point to the same point next time
   prof_gen_frame()
@@ -246,7 +247,9 @@ function r3d_frame(time: int) -> void {
     water_draw(post_depth_copy.depth)
     prof_end()
   }
-  post_color = post_hdr.color
+  post_color = post_hdr.color;  post_color_w = post_w;  post_color_h = post_h
+  # DLSS super resolution: the lit frame up to the display's size, before anything reads it
+  if gsl_dlss_live() { prof_begin("DLSS");  post_color = gsl_dlss_eval();  prof_end() }
   if not post_no_gi { prof_begin("SSAO/GI");  post_ssao_pass();  prof_end() }
   if r3d_debug_max { tex_max(post_hdr.color, post_hdr.w, post_hdr.h, "hdr") }
   prof_begin("bloom")

packages/ludic.render3d/streamline.ludic

@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+# ============================================================================
+# streamline.ludic — NVIDIA Streamline (SDK 2.14.1) on the Vulkan renderer: DLSS
+# super resolution, Reflex and its latency markers.
+#
+# On Windows the loader opens sl.interposer.dll instead of vulkan-1.dll when it is
+# beside the executable (runtime/native/vk_win.ll). slInit has to run before the
+# instance is made - Streamline's own vkCreateInstance / vkCreateDevice add what its
+# plugins need - so gvk_init calls gsl_boot() before Vk.open() and gsl_init() straight
+# after. Nothing here runs on macOS, on OpenGL, or where the DLLs are missing: every
+# entry point checks gsl_on and the renderer draws exactly as it did.
+#
+# Every sl structure starts with next, a GUID and a size_t version (32 bytes); the
+# offsets below are the SDK headers' x64 layout. GUIDs are written as 16-bit halves so
+# no literal needs more than 31 bits.
+# ============================================================================
+
+const GSL_DLSS: int = 0
+const GSL_REFLEX: int = 3
+const GSL_PCL: int = 4
+const GSL_DLSS_G: int = 1000
+const GSL_DLSS_RR: int = 1001
+
+# sl::PCLMarker
+const GSL_SIM_START: int = 0
+const GSL_SIM_END: int = 1
+const GSL_SUBMIT_START: int = 2
+const GSL_SUBMIT_END: int = 3
+const GSL_PRESENT_START: int = 4
+const GSL_PRESENT_END: int = 5
+
+const GSL_LAYOUT_READ: int = 5        # VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL
+
+var gsl_on: bool = false              # slInit succeeded: the interposer is the loader, the plugins are in
+var gsl_dlss_ok: bool = false         # what this adapter can run, from slIsFeatureSupported
+var gsl_rr_ok: bool = false
+var gsl_fg_ok: bool = false
+var gsl_reflex_ok: bool = false
+var gsl_pcl_ok: bool = false
+
+var gsl_feats: bytes = null           # kept alive: Preferences points at it
+var gsl_logdir: bytes = null          # and at this
+var gsl_vp: bytes = null              # sl::ViewportHandle 0, the one view
+var gsl_tok_buf: bytes = null
+var gsl_idx_buf: bytes = null
+var gsl_token: pointer = null         # this frame's sl::FrameToken, owned by Streamline
+var gsl_frame_n: int = 0
+var gsl_said: bool = false            # one failure message, not one a frame
+var gsl_fresh: bool = false           # a token was taken since the last frame started (a present took it)
+
+# ---- structure headers ------------------------------------------------------------------
+function gsl_le16(v: int) -> int { return ((v >> 8) & 255) | ((v & 255) << 8) }
+function gsl_header(p: pointer, a: int, b: int, c: int, d: int, e: int, f: int, g: int, h: int, version: int) -> void {
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 8, (a << 16) | b)
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 12, c | (d << 16))
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 16, gsl_le16(e) | (gsl_le16(f) << 16))
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 20, gsl_le16(g) | (gsl_le16(h) << 16))
+  let v: long = version
+  Vk.put_i64(p, 24, v)
+}
+function gsl_struct(size: int) -> bytes {
+  let p = bytes(size)
+  Vk.zero(p, size)
+  return p
+}
+
+# a feature's own function (slDLSSSetOptions, slReflexSleep, ...), or null
+function gsl_fn(feature: int, name: string) -> pointer {
+  let out = bytes(8)
+  let zero: long = 0
+  Vk.put_i64(out, 0, zero)
+  if Vk.sl_get_feature_function(feature, name, out) != 0 { return null }
+  return Vk.get_ptr(out, 0)
+}
+
+# ---- start and stop ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Before Vk.open(): ask the loader for the interposer. R3D_NO_STREAMLINE=1 keeps plain Vulkan.
+function gsl_boot() -> void {
+  if Os.platform() != "windows" { return }
+  if Os.has_env("R3D_NO_STREAMLINE") { return }
+  Vk.sl_prefer(1)
+}
+
+# After Vk.open(), before vkCreateInstance.
+function gsl_init() -> void {
+  if gsl_on or Vk.sl_active() == 0 { return }
+  gsl_feats = gsl_struct(20)
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_feats, 0, GSL_DLSS);  Vk.put_i32(gsl_feats, 4, GSL_REFLEX);  Vk.put_i32(gsl_feats, 8, GSL_PCL)
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_feats, 12, GSL_DLSS_RR);  Vk.put_i32(gsl_feats, 16, GSL_DLSS_G)
+  # sl::Preferences
+  let pref = gsl_struct(144)
+  gsl_header(pref, 0x1ca1, 0x0965, 0xbf8e, 0x432b, 0x8da1, 0x6716, 0xd879, 0xfb14, 1)
+  # logLevel eOff; R3D_SL_LOG=<directory> writes Streamline's own verbose log (sl.log) there
+  var level = 0
+  if Os.has_env("R3D_SL_LOG") {
+    level = 2
+    let dir: pointer = Os.env("R3D_SL_LOG")
+    let n = Text.length(Os.env("R3D_SL_LOG"))
+    gsl_logdir = gsl_struct(n * 2 + 8)             # pathToLogsAndData is a wide string
+    for i in 0 .. n { Vk.put_i32(gsl_logdir, i * 2, dir[i] & 255) }
+    Vk.put_ptr(pref, 56, gsl_logdir)
+  }
+  Vk.put_i32(pref, 36, level)
+  # eDisableCLStateTracking | eAllowOTA | eLoadDownloadedPlugins | eUseFrameBasedResourceTagging
+  let flags: long = 1 | 8 | 64 | 128
+  Vk.put_i64(pref, 88, flags)
+  Vk.put_ptr(pref, 96, gsl_feats)
+  Vk.put_i32(pref, 104, 5)
+  Vk.put_i32(pref, 112, 0)                         # engine eCustom
+  Vk.put_ptr(pref, 120, "ludic render3d")
+  Vk.put_ptr(pref, 128, "a0f57b54-1daf-4934-90ae-c4035c19df04")
+  Vk.put_i32(pref, 136, 2)                         # renderAPI eVulkan
+  let r = Vk.sl_init(pref, gsl_sdk_version())
+  if r != 0 { print(`r3d: streamline: slInit failed ({r}); DLSS and Reflex are off`);  return }
+  gsl_on = true
+  gsl_vp = gsl_struct(40)
+  gsl_header(gsl_vp, 0x171b, 0x6435, 0x9b3c, 0x4fc8, 0x9994, 0xfbe5, 0x2569, 0xaaa4, 1)
+  gsl_tok_buf = bytes(8)
+  gsl_idx_buf = bytes(4)
+}
+
+# kSDKVersion, built from longs: (2 << 48) on ints is computed in 32 bits and arrives as garbage,
+# which slInit answers with eErrorInvalidParameter before it has even opened a log
+function gsl_sdk_version() -> long {
+  let major: long = 2
+  let minor: long = 14
+  let patch: long = 1
+  let magic: long = 0xfedc
+  return (major << 48) | (minor << 32) | (patch << 16) | magic
+}
+
+# After vkCreateDevice: what this adapter supports.
+function gsl_probe_device(pd: pointer) -> void {
+  if not gsl_on { return }
+  let ai = gsl_struct(56)                          # sl::AdapterInfo
+  gsl_header(ai, 0x0677, 0x315f, 0xa746, 0x4492, 0x9f42, 0xcb61, 0x42c9, 0xc3d4, 1)
+  Vk.put_ptr(ai, 48, pd)
+  gsl_dlss_ok = Vk.sl_is_feature_supported(GSL_DLSS, ai) == 0
+  gsl_rr_ok = Vk.sl_is_feature_supported(GSL_DLSS_RR, ai) == 0
+  gsl_fg_ok = Vk.sl_is_feature_supported(GSL_DLSS_G, ai) == 0
+  gsl_reflex_ok = Vk.sl_is_feature_supported(GSL_REFLEX, ai) == 0
+  gsl_pcl_ok = Vk.sl_is_feature_supported(GSL_PCL, ai) == 0
+  print(`r3d: streamline: DLSS {gsl_dlss_ok}, ray reconstruction {gsl_rr_ok}, frame generation {gsl_fg_ok}, Reflex {gsl_reflex_ok}`)
+}
+
+# Before the device goes.
+function gsl_shutdown() -> void {
+  if not gsl_on { return }
+  Vk.sl_shutdown()
+  gsl_on = false
+}
+
+# ---- frames, Reflex and the latency markers ---------------------------------------------
+# A frame's token is taken straight after the previous present, where Reflex sleeps: the
+# wait lands before the game reads input and simulates, which is the latency it removes.
+var gsl_reflex_mode: int = 0          # 0 off, 1 low latency, 2 low latency + boost
+var gsl_reflex_applied: int = -1
+var gsl_f_sleep: pointer = null
+var gsl_f_marker: pointer = null
+
+function r3d_reflex(mode: int) -> void {
+  gsl_reflex_mode = mode
+  if Os.has_env("R3D_REFLEX") { gsl_reflex_mode = Text.to_int(Os.env("R3D_REFLEX")) }
+}
+function r3d_reflex_live() -> bool { return gsl_on and gsl_reflex_ok and gsl_reflex_mode > 0 }
+
+function gsl_marker(m: int) -> void {
+  if not gsl_pcl_ok or gsl_token == null { return }
+  if gsl_f_marker == null { gsl_f_marker = gsl_fn(GSL_PCL, "slPCLSetMarker") }
+  if gsl_f_marker != null { Vk.sl_call_ip(gsl_f_marker, m, gsl_token) }
+}
+
+function gsl_reflex_apply() -> void {
+  if not gsl_reflex_ok or gsl_reflex_applied == gsl_reflex_mode { return }
+  let f = gsl_fn(GSL_REFLEX, "slReflexSetOptions")
+  if f == null { return }
+  let o = gsl_struct(48)                           # sl::ReflexOptions
+  gsl_header(o, 0xf03a, 0xf81a, 0x6d0b, 0x4902, 0xa651, 0xc496, 0x5e21, 0x5434, 1)
+  Vk.put_i32(o, 32, gsl_reflex_mode)
+  if gsl_pcl_ok { Vk.put_i32(o, 40, 1) }           # useMarkersToOptimize
+  if Vk.sl_call_p(f, o) == 0 { gsl_reflex_applied = gsl_reflex_mode }
+}
+
+function gsl_new_frame() -> void {
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_idx_buf, 0, gsl_frame_n)
+  gsl_frame_n += 1
+  gsl_token = null
+  gsl_fresh = true
+  if Vk.sl_get_new_frame_token(gsl_tok_buf, gsl_idx_buf) == 0 { gsl_token = Vk.get_ptr(gsl_tok_buf, 0) }
+  if gsl_token == null { return }
+  gsl_reflex_apply()
+  if r3d_reflex_live() {
+    if gsl_f_sleep == null { gsl_f_sleep = gsl_fn(GSL_REFLEX, "slReflexSleep") }
+    if gsl_f_sleep != null { Vk.sl_call_p(gsl_f_sleep, gsl_token) }
+  }
+  gsl_marker(GSL_SIM_START)
+}
+
+# r3d_frame's first line: the game has simulated, the renderer starts recording
+function gsl_frame_start() -> void {
+  if not gsl_on or gpu_kind != GPU_VK { return }
+  # a headless run never presents: each frame takes its own token here
+  if not gsl_fresh { gsl_new_frame() }
+  gsl_fresh = false
+  gsl_marker(GSL_SIM_END)
+  gsl_marker(GSL_SUBMIT_START)
+}
+function gsl_before_present() -> void {
+  if not gsl_on { return }
+  gsl_marker(GSL_SUBMIT_END)
+  gsl_marker(GSL_PRESENT_START)
+}
+function gsl_after_present() -> void {
+  if not gsl_on { return }
+  gsl_marker(GSL_PRESENT_END)
+  gsl_new_frame()
+}
+
+# ---- DLSS super resolution ----------------------------------------------------------------
+# The lit HDR frame (after the water, before occlusion, bloom and the tonemap) is upscaled to
+# the display's size; everything after it reads the result by UV, so only the LDR image and the
+# sharpen pass change size. The projection is jittered on a Halton (2, 3) cycle while DLSS is on.
+# There are no per-object motion vectors yet: a zero target is tagged and Streamline adds the
+# camera's own motion from depth and clipToPrevClip.
+var gsl_dlss_mode: int = 0            # 0 off, 1 DLAA, 2 quality, 3 balanced, 4 performance
+var gsl_opts: bytes = null
+var gsl_opt_mode: int = -1
+var gsl_opt_w: int = 0
+var gsl_opt_h: int = 0
+var gsl_rw: int = 0                   # the render size DLSS asked for
+var gsl_rh: int = 0
+var gsl_set_mode: int = -1
+var gsl_set_w: int = 0
+var gsl_set_h: int = 0
+var gsl_mv: Target = null
+var gsl_out: Target = null
+var gsl_consts: bytes = null
+var gsl_tags: bytes = null
+var gsl_res: bytes = null
+var gsl_inputs: bytes = null
+var gsl_prev_vp: words = null
+var gsl_reset: bool = true
+var gsl_jitter_x: int = 0             # float bits, NDC offsets the projection carries this frame
+var gsl_jitter_y: int = 0
+var gsl_jpx: int = 0                  # float bits, the same in pixels
+var gsl_jpy: int = 0
+
+# R3D_DLSS=0..4 overrides the setting, for a headless take
+function r3d_dlss(mode: int) -> void {
+  var m = mode
+  if Os.has_env("R3D_DLSS") { m = Text.to_int(Os.env("R3D_DLSS")) }
+  if m != gsl_dlss_mode { gsl_reset = true }
+  gsl_dlss_mode = m
+}
+function gsl_dlss_live() -> bool { return gsl_on and gsl_dlss_ok and gsl_dlss_mode > 0 and gpu_kind == GPU_VK and gsl_token != null }
+function r3d_dlss_live() -> bool { return gsl_on and gsl_dlss_ok and gsl_dlss_mode > 0 and gpu_kind == GPU_VK }
+
+# sl::DLSSMode from the setting
+function gsl_sl_mode(m: int) -> int {
+  if m == 1 { return 6 }              # eDLAA
+  if m == 2 { return 3 }              # eMaxQuality
+  if m == 3 { return 2 }              # eBalanced
+  if m == 4 { return 1 }              # eMaxPerformance
+  return 0
+}
+
+function gsl_fill_options(w: int, h: int) -> void {
+  if gsl_opts == null { gsl_opts = gsl_struct(88) }
+  Vk.zero(gsl_opts, 88)
+  gsl_header(gsl_opts, 0x6ac8, 0x26e4, 0x4c61, 0x4101, 0xa92d, 0x638d, 0x4210, 0x57b8, 3)
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_opts, 32, gsl_sl_mode(gsl_dlss_mode))
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_opts, 36, w)
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_opts, 40, h)
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_opts, 48, F_ONE)                   # preExposure
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_opts, 52, F_ONE)                   # exposureScale
+  Vk.put_i32(gsl_opts, 56, 1)                       # colorBuffersHDR eTrue
+}
+
+# the render size for the display's size and the mode, asked once per change
+function gsl_optimal() -> void {
+  if gsl_opt_mode == gsl_dlss_mode and gsl_opt_w == gl_w and gsl_opt_h == gl_h { return }
+  gsl_opt_mode = gsl_dlss_mode;  gsl_opt_w = gl_w;  gsl_opt_h = gl_h
+  gsl_rw = gl_w;  gsl_rh = gl_h
+  let f = gsl_fn(GSL_DLSS, "slDLSSGetOptimalSettings")
+  if f == null { return }
+  gsl_fill_options(gl_w, gl_h)
+  let os = gsl_struct(64)                           # sl::DLSSOptimalSettings
+  gsl_header(os, 0xef1d, 0x0957, 0xfd58, 0x4df7, 0xb504, 0x8b69, 0xd8aa, 0x6b76, 1)
+  if Vk.sl_call_pp(f, gsl_opts, os) == 0 {
+    let w = Vk.get_i32(os, 32)
+    let h = Vk.get_i32(os, 36)
+    if w > 0 and h > 0 { gsl_rw = w;  gsl_rh = h }
+  }
+}
+function r3d_dlss_render_w() -> int { if not r3d_dlss_live() { return gl_w };  gsl_optimal();  return gsl_rw }
+function r3d_dlss_render_h() -> int { if not r3d_dlss_live() { return gl_h };  gsl_optimal();  return gsl_rh }
+
+# a radical-inverse sample in [0, 1), float bits
+function gsl_halton(i: int, b: int) -> int {
+  var f = F_ONE
+  var r = F_ZERO
+  var k = i
+  let fb = fi(b)
+  while k > 0 {
+    f = f_div(f, fb)
+    r = f_add(r, f_mul(f, fi(k % b)))
+    k = k / b
+  }
+  return r
+}
+
+# cam_begin_frame: this frame's sub-pixel offset, before the camera builds its matrices
+function gsl_jitter_frame() -> void {
+  gsl_jitter_x = F_ZERO;  gsl_jitter_y = F_ZERO;  gsl_jpx = F_ZERO;  gsl_jpy = F_ZERO
+  if not r3d_dlss_live() or post_w <= 0 or post_h <= 0 { return }
+  # DLSS wants at least 8 x (display / render)^2 phases; 32 covers performance mode
+  let i = (gsl_frame_n % 32) + 1
+  gsl_jpx = f_sub(gsl_halton(i, 2), F_HALF)
+  gsl_jpy = f_sub(gsl_halton(i, 3), F_HALF)
+  gsl_jitter_x = f_div(f_mul(F_TWO, gsl_jpx), fi(post_w))
+  gsl_jitter_y = f_div(f_mul(F_TWO, gsl_jpy), fi(post_h))
+}
+
+# sl::Resource for one of the renderer's textures, in the layout every pass leaves them in
+function gsl_resource(at: int, tex: int) -> void {
+  let p = Vk.at(gsl_res, at)
+  Vk.zero(p, 112)
+  gsl_header(p, 0x3a9d, 0x70cf, 0x2418, 0x4b72, 0x8391, 0x13f8, 0x721c, 0x7261, 1)
+  Vk.put_i64(p, 40, gvk_tex_image[tex])
+  Vk.put_i64(p, 48, gvk_mem_handle(gvk_mem_id(gvk_tex_mem[tex])))
+  Vk.put_i64(p, 56, gvk_tex_view[tex])
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 64, GSL_LAYOUT_READ)
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 68, gvk_tex_dims_w[tex])
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 72, gvk_tex_dims_h[tex])
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 76, gvk_tex_vkfmt[tex])
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 80, gvk_tex_levels[tex])
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 84, gvk_tex_layers[tex])
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 100, gvk_tex_usage(tex))
+}
+# the usage gvk_tex_storage gave the image
+function gvk_tex_usage(tex: int) -> int {
+  let fmt = gvk_tex_vkfmt[tex]
+  var usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT
+  if fmt == VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT { return usage | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT }
+  usage = usage | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT
+  if gvk_tex_samples[tex] <= 1 and (fmt == VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT or fmt == VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT) { usage = usage | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT }
+  return usage
+}
+
+# sl::ResourceTag i, pointing at resource i
+function gsl_tag(i: int, buffer: int, w: int, h: int) -> void {
+  let p = Vk.at(gsl_tags, i * 64)
+  Vk.zero(p, 64)
+  gsl_header(p, 0x4c6a, 0x5aad, 0xb445, 0x496c, 0x87ff, 0x1af3, 0x845b, 0xe653, 1)
+  Vk.put_ptr(p, 32, Vk.at(gsl_res, i * 112))
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 40, buffer)
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 44, 2)                              # eValidUntilEvaluate
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 56, w)
+  Vk.put_i32(p, 60, h)
+}
+
+# a column-major matrix into a row-major sl::float4x4
+function gsl_put_m4(p: pointer, at: int, m: words) -> void {
+  for r in 0 .. 4 { for c in 0 .. 4 { Vk.put_i32(p, at + (r * 4 + c) * 4, m[c * 4 + r]) } }
+}
+function gsl_put_v3(p: pointer, at: int, v: words) -> void {
+  Vk.put_i32(p, at, v[0]);  Vk.put_i32(p, at + 4, v[1]);  Vk.put_i32(p, at + 8, v[2])
+}
+
+# The renderer's clip space is OpenGL's; what Vulkan stores is depth remapped to [0, 1] and
+# row 0 at NDC y = -1. Streamline reads images with row 0 at the top, so the matrices it is
+# given carry both: y flipped, z' = (z + w) / 2.
+function gsl_clip_fix(m: words) -> void {
+  m4_identity(m)
+  m[5] = f_neg(F_ONE)
+  m[10] = F_HALF
+  m[14] = F_HALF
+}
+
+function gsl_constants() -> void {
+  if gsl_consts == null { gsl_consts = gsl_struct(456) }
+  let k = gsl_consts
+  Vk.zero(k, 456)
+  gsl_header(k, 0xdcd3, 0x5ad7, 0x4e4a, 0x4bad, 0xa90c, 0xe0c4, 0x9eb2, 0x3afe, 2)
+  let fix = m4_new();  let proj = m4_new();  let v2c = m4_new();  let c2v = m4_new()
+  let cur = m4_new();  let prev = m4_new();  let inv_cur = m4_new();  let c2p = m4_new();  let p2c = m4_new()
+  gsl_clip_fix(fix)
+  m4_perspective(proj, cam_fov, cam_aspect, cam_near, cam_far)
+  m4_mul(v2c, fix, proj)
+  m4_inverse(c2v, v2c)
+  gsl_put_m4(k, 32, v2c)                            # cameraViewToClip (no jitter)
+  gsl_put_m4(k, 96, c2v)                            # clipToCameraView
+  let ident = m4_new()
+  m4_identity(ident)
+  gsl_put_m4(k, 160, ident)                         # clipToLensClip
+  if gsl_prev_vp == null { gsl_prev_vp = m4_new();  for i in 0 .. 16 { gsl_prev_vp[i] = cam_vp_clean[i] } }
+  m4_mul(cur, fix, cam_vp_clean)
+  m4_mul(prev, fix, gsl_prev_vp)
+  m4_inverse(inv_cur, cur)
+  m4_mul(c2p, prev, inv_cur)
+  m4_inverse(p2c, c2p)
+  gsl_put_m4(k, 224, c2p)                           # clipToPrevClip
+  gsl_put_m4(k, 288, p2c)                           # prevClipToClip
+  # the sample's offset from the pixel centre, in the flipped image
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 352, f_neg(gsl_jpx))
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 356, gsl_jpy)
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 360, F_ONE)                         # mvecScale
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 364, F_ONE)
+  gsl_put_v3(k, 376, cam_pos)
+  let up = words(3)
+  v3_cross(up, cam_right, cam_fwd)
+  gsl_put_v3(k, 388, up)
+  gsl_put_v3(k, 400, cam_right)
+  gsl_put_v3(k, 412, cam_fwd)
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 424, cam_near)
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 428, cam_far)
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 432, cam_fov)
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 436, cam_aspect)
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 440, F_ZERO)                        # motionVectorsInvalidValue
+  # depthInverted, cameraMotionIncluded, motionVectors3D false; reset on a cut; not orthographic,
+  # not dilated, not jittered
+  if gsl_reset { Vk.put_i32(k, 444, 256 * 256 * 256) }
+  Vk.put_i32(k, 452, fi(40))                        # minRelativeLinearDepthObjectSeparation
+  free(fix);  free(proj);  free(v2c);  free(c2v);  free(cur);  free(prev);  free(inv_cur);  free(c2p);  free(p2c);  free(ident);  free(up)
+}
+
+# make the DLSS targets at this frame's sizes
+function gsl_targets() -> void {
+  if gsl_mv == null or gsl_mv.w != post_w or gsl_mv.h != post_h {
+    if gsl_mv != null { target_free(gsl_mv) }
+    gsl_mv = target_new(post_w, post_h, GL_RG16F, GL_RG, GL_HALF_FLOAT, false, GL_NEAREST)
+    gsl_reset = true
+  }
+  if gsl_out == null or gsl_out.w != gl_w or gsl_out.h != gl_h {
+    if gsl_out != null { target_free(gsl_out) }
+    gsl_out = target_new(gl_w, gl_h, GL_RGBA16F, GL_RGBA, GL_HALF_FLOAT, false, GL_LINEAR)
+    gsl_reset = true
+  }
+  # the LDR image the tonemap writes follows the upscaled size
+  if post_ldr.w != gl_w or post_ldr.h != gl_h {
+    target_free(post_ldr)
+    post_ldr = target_new(gl_w, gl_h, GL_RGBA8, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, false, GL_LINEAR)
+  }
+  if gsl_res == null { gsl_res = gsl_struct(4 * 112);  gsl_tags = gsl_struct(4 * 64);  gsl_inputs = bytes(8) }
+}
+
+# Upscale post_hdr into gsl_out; the colour the rest of post reads (post_hdr's own if it failed).
+function gsl_dlss_eval() -> int {
+  gsl_targets()
+  # no motion of its own: the camera's comes from depth
+  target_bind(gsl_mv)
+  gpu_clear_color(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+  gpu_clear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
+  gvk_pass_end()
+  let cb = gvk_frame_cb()
+  if gsl_set_mode != gsl_dlss_mode or gsl_set_w != gl_w or gsl_set_h != gl_h {
+    let f = gsl_fn(GSL_DLSS, "slDLSSSetOptions")
+    gsl_fill_options(gl_w, gl_h)
+    if f != null and Vk.sl_call_pp(f, gsl_vp, gsl_opts) == 0 { gsl_set_mode = gsl_dlss_mode;  gsl_set_w = gl_w;  gsl_set_h = gl_h }
+  }
+  gsl_constants()
+  Vk.sl_set_constants(gsl_consts, gsl_token, gsl_vp)
+  gsl_resource(0, post_hdr.depth);  gsl_tag(0, 0, post_w, post_h)        # kBufferTypeDepth
+  gsl_resource(112, gsl_mv.color);  gsl_tag(1, 1, post_w, post_h)       # kBufferTypeMotionVectors
+  gsl_resource(224, post_hdr.color);  gsl_tag(2, 3, post_w, post_h)     # kBufferTypeScalingInputColor
+  gsl_resource(336, gsl_out.color);  gsl_tag(3, 4, gl_w, gl_h)          # kBufferTypeScalingOutputColor
+  Vk.sl_set_tag_for_frame(gsl_token, gsl_vp, gsl_tags, 4, cb)
+  Vk.put_ptr(gsl_inputs, 0, gsl_vp)
+  let r = Vk.sl_evaluate_feature(GSL_DLSS, gsl_token, gsl_inputs, 1, cb)
+  for i in 0 .. 16 { gsl_prev_vp[i] = cam_vp_clean[i] }
+  gsl_reset = false
+  # Streamline records its own pipeline and descriptors into the command buffer; nothing needs
+  # forgetting, because every gvk_draw binds its pipeline, view and set afresh
+  if r != 0 {
+    if not gsl_said { print(`r3d: streamline: DLSS evaluate failed ({r}); drawing without it`);  gsl_said = true }
+    post_color_w = post_w;  post_color_h = post_h
+    return post_hdr.color
+  }
+  post_color_w = gl_w;  post_color_h = gl_h
+  return gsl_out.color
+}

tools/ludic-cli/bundle.ludic

@@ -310,6 +310,21 @@ function cmd_bundle_windows() -> int {
     packed = true
   }
 
+  # 2b. `app native "<dir>"`: native libraries loaded at run time (NVIDIA Streamline's DLLs and
+  # their licence texts) go beside the executable, where LoadLibrary finds them. Never packed:
+  # a DLL has to be a real file.
+  let native = manifest_app(m, "native")
+  if native != "" {
+    if not Fs.exists(native) {
+      err(`ludic bundle: app native "{native}" does not exist\n`)
+      return 1
+    }
+    if not shq(`cp -R "{native}"/. "{root}/"`) {
+      err("ludic bundle: could not place the native libraries\n")
+      return 1
+    }
+  }
+
   # 3. what to mount and where the game writes
   var idx = ""
   if packed { idx = idx + "pack game.lpak" + nl() }