impostor_from_baked / impostor_refill read a bundle of two DX10 .dds (albedo, normal: BC7_UNORM, every
level) through tex_load_dds_at and gpu_tex_compressed - no gpu_tex_mips - and check each is the
impostor's size; sampled as a painted atlas is (clamped, no anisotropy). No BC on the GPU, or a bake
that does not fit, and the caller paints RGBA8 and makes mips as before; the fog re-open reads the BC7
file again. The handles and every draw are unchanged. Compile-only: nothing run.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
ludic.lab: lab_png_write / lab_png_write_from (raw 8-bit, 1-4 channels, stored deflate) in png_write.ludic,
importable alone with its own LabPngState; png_convert.ludic's previews of float textures (R32F min..max,
RG16F x255, HDR x/(1+x) + sRGB); lab_ppm_to_png on the same encoder.
render3d: bake_load.ludic - impostor_from_baked / impostor_source / impostor_refill (a fog re-open reads
the bake), sky_baked_in and sky_precompute trying the bake at the start yaw (sky_compute is the
convolution, and sky_ibl_bytes always uses it), carpet_from_baked / carpet_bytes / carpet_finish,
bake_part_count / _len / _off. Compile-only: nothing run.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
gltf_factors reads pbrMetallicRoughness.baseColorFactor, metallicFactor, roughnessFactor and the
emissiveFactor into the primitive (pr.fac), and prim_factors hands them to every program that draws its
textures (actors, the scatter's meshes and levels, the impostor bake) as 1 - factor, so a program never
given them - or a material that gives none (pr.fac null) - multiplies by 1 and draws as before. An
untextured material with a colour (or a metal/roughness) samples a pure white for it, so the factor is
exactly what it draws: horse_cornea is its own colour, not the 200 grey every untextured part had.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Both constants were worked out by hand and a byte off each: the tiles' bake wrote "LAAK" and "LDT2", which
ludic bake --check refuses, and r3d_baked_read, holding the same wrong constant, would have refused
ludic.base's correct files (the sun's shadow among them) while accepting its own. Now 0x4B41424C and
0x3254544C, checked against the strings; the unused LTT1 constant is gone. A re-bake is needed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A world swap unmounts the old map pack before terrain_reload, and the tiles' file (a baked file in that
pack) stayed open until terrain_unload. terrain_tiles_close closes it and stops the page pool; the next
map's terrain_from_baked / terrain_reload opens its own and makes the pool again.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The game names the tiles' and the shadow's bake files (key, version) before the map is made; r3d_init's
terrain step and terrain_reload then open them with terrain_from_baked / terrain_shadow_from_bytes and
generate nothing, and fall back to the survey (saying so once) when a bake is missing or stale. Without
the call nothing changes.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The tiles' photograph side is 0 when the map has none: no photograph or coarse photograph sections, no
decode, ter_o answers 0, and no coarse photograph texture - as such a map has always drawn. The cut and
terrain_tiles_bake no longer require one.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
baked_open refuses a header whose key is not followed by a zero byte; a key a multiple of 8 long got
none. Now the payload starts at 32 + ((len(key) + 1 + 7) / 8) * 8, as bake_write writes it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
stream_capture(s, cx, cz, band) points the stream at a chunk of its own (made on the first capture),
calls the registered r3d_stream_fill for that cell and band, and returns how many instances it
emitted; stream_captured(i, k) reads them from stream_scratch. Build-time only; nothing in a frame
calls it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
baked_tex.ludic reads ludic.base's baked form by hand (render3d uses no package): the LBAK header, the
key ("png_sheets" / "cutouts", the Bakes rows) and the generator version, then the payload -
w, h, channels, depth and the samples for a PNG (the caller frees them as it would a decode), a whole
.dds for a cut-out (tex_load_dds_at: a .dds at an offset). Missing, or another key or version, and the
PNG path runs as before. Compiles with Maroon Lake (game, lab, lab/bake/textures).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
prec_put / prec_get / prec_size (Physics' spec): PREC_FULL, 12 bytes, for trees, boulders and stones
(u16 x, z in 1/65536 of the chunk; u16 y in cm above y_base; u8 scale over the kind's lo..hi, yaw, seed,
wind), and PREC_PACKED, 7 bytes, for the stream kinds (56 bits, least significant first: x 12, z 12,
y 12 in cm, scale 6, yaw 6, seed 4, wind 4). An encode takes the cell a value falls in, a decode its
centre, so a round trip is stable; a record is read from a []byte at an offset, never a pointer.
stream_emit_baked and layer_chunk_put take (recs, at, fmt) and decode through it; the earlier sb7_*
pair is gone.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Maps ship outside the game, each one a content-addressed pack (.lmap: the .lpak format) downloaded to
the save root. The runtime already served reads from packs mounted at boot (packs.index); now one can
come and go while the game runs:
- Fs.mount(path) -> bool maps a pack over the ones mounted before it (searched first, as a later
packs.index line is); Fs.unmount(path) -> bool gives the mapping back (munmap, UnmapViewOfFile on
Windows) and closes the gap in the search order. Each slot keeps its length and path for it. A
FILE* still open over one of its entries (a baked_open_range) is closed first. Still 8 packs at most.
- baked_path(map, file) is assets/baked/maps/<map>/<file> for a map's bake - what its .lmap carries
and the game's own pack never does - and assets/baked/<file> for the rest.
The IR assembles for macOS and Windows (llvm-as). Compile-only: nothing mounted or run here.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
sb7_pack / sb7_field are the one pack and unpack of the stream kinds' record (56 bits, least significant
first: x 12, z 12, y 12 over the chunk's y span, scale 6, yaw 6, seed 4, wind 4, read as a low and a high
word), which the bake and the game both import; stream_emit_baked decodes a prefix of it.
layer_chunks_begin / layer_chunk_put / layer_chunk_drop keep a fixed layer (trees, boulders, stones:
12-byte records) as a slab per resident chunk in its instance list, an n x n index made at load, the
list re-uploaded at most once a frame. Nothing calls them yet: behaviour unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
stream_set_grid(s, ox, oz) puts a stream's cells on a grid from a corner (0 keeps world zero, today's);
stream_emit_baked(s, recs, count, keep, x0, z0, y_base, lo, hi) emits the first keep 12-byte records
of a baked chunk (the layout agreed with Physics: u16 x, z in 1/65536 of the chunk, u16 y in cm above
y_base, u8 scale over the kind's lo..hi, u8 yaw, seed, wind) into the chunk being filled, and
stream_band_keep(count, share) is a band's prefix. Nothing calls them yet: behaviour unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Heights as u16 over each 64 m tile's own minimum and step (a tile spanning 200 m steps 3 mm), normals
octahedral 8 + 8, the photograph RGB8, and the coarse level (2048: heights f32, normals, photograph)
- 30 + 32 + 48 + 16 + 8 + 12 MB, about 146 MB a map where the float tiles were 192 plus nothing coarse.
The writer puts the whole copy back to the quantized values as it goes, so the build's own queries,
the physics, the placements' bake and every machine read the same numbers; a tile read decodes them
into the pools the queries and the page pool already use.
terrain_tiles_bake(path, key, version, inputs_hash) writes a bake's file (ludic.base's LBAK header,
the tiles as its payload) from a made map; terrain_from_baked(path, key, version, half, ox, oz) opens
one at boot in place of terrain_use_dem / terrain_use_ortho, and terrain_init then generates nothing
(and bakes the sun's shadow from the coarse level unless terrain_shadow_from_bytes gave it). Without a
bake the cut writes the same format to <dir>/<key>.tiles and reads it back. The GPU's coarse level is
made from the file's coarse sections (the blit from the whole maps is gone).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
What is deterministic is made at build time by the game's own code (`ludic bake`) and read at run
time. baked.ludic, baked_hash.ludic, baked_stream.ludic:
- The header, 32 bytes little-endian: "LBAK" | u32 format (BAKE_FORMAT 1) | u32 generator version |
u32 payload offset | u64 inputs hash | u64 payload length | then the key (UTF-8, zero-padded to 8),
then the payload at its offset, whose layout is the bake's own.
- bake_write(path, key, version, inputs_hash, payload, n) makes the directories and writes it;
bake_inputs_hash(inputs) is FNV-1a 64 over each space-separated input: its path, a 0, its bytes.
- baked_open(path, key, version) -> []byte: the payload as a view of the file (no copy), or null for
a missing file or another format, key or version. The runtime never hashes inputs; `ludic bake
--check` holds a baked file to them at build time.
- baked_open_range(path, key, version) -> BakedFile kept open (header checked once),
baked_read(bf, at, n, into) -> count read into the caller's buffer from payload offset `at`
(held to the buffer and the payload), baked_len, baked_close: a streamed bake (placements by chunk,
terrain by tile) with nothing made per read. Pack-aware through file_open: on macOS a packed entry
is an fmemopen over the mapped pack (a seek is free), on Windows a temporary copy of the entry made
once when it is opened.
- baked_path(map, file), bake_missing(bake_st, key) (a dev build's line, once a key).
tests/baked_test.ludic: a payload round-trips for its key and version only, a streamed read at an
offset and one past the end, the inputs hash follows path and bytes. Written, type-checked, not run
(compile-only rule).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Each pair runs the work as the renderer always has and reads the result back, or makes the same
textures and fills them from bytes instead: impostor_bytes / impostor_from_bytes (and impostor_fill,
for a fog that opens past a layer's cards), terrain_shadow_bytes / terrain_shadow_from_bytes,
sky_ibl_bytes / sky_ibl_from_bytes (sky_precompute split into sky_ibl_make and the convolutions).
A bundle is a word count, a word length per part and the parts (bake_pack / bake_unpack), checked
against the textures' shapes before any byte is used. gpu_vk_readback.ludic reads a texture's level 0,
every layer, as stored; r3d_baked_read reads a bake's file (ludic.base's LBAK header: key and version
must match) since render3d cannot import ludic.base. Nothing calls them yet: behaviour unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The build's placements ask exact heights over the whole map before any ring exists, and through the
tiles that read the file ~25 000 times in one frame. The copies now stay after the cut and the game
calls terrain_tiles_build_done() when the world is built (the end of world_things, and after a swap's
terrain_reload); every answer is the same before and after, from the copy or the tile. The GPU half
merged here (r3d/tp-rt, r3d/tp-shd: the page table, the pool and the shaders) is unchanged by it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
At the cut the whole 4096 height, normal and photograph textures go, replaced by a coarse
2048 level (the CPU's tt_coarse uploaded; the normal and photograph blitted down on the GPU,
the photograph mipmapped) and a pool of fine tiles in three array textures - heights, normals,
photograph, each layer a tile with a one-texel border - addressed through a tt_n^2 page table
(u_tp_page: slot + 1, 0 = the coarse level). The pool holds the tiles within the reach (900 m,
or the fog wall's when nearer) and a ring, and is made again when the fog wall changes its size
(terrain_pages_fog). Once a frame (tp_frame, beside tt_frame) tiles past the reach and two tiles
go and the wanted ones come in nearest first, 8 a frame, written into a staging buffer kept for
the process (two halves, one per frame in flight) and copied into their layers inside the frame's
own command buffer - no submit of their own - with the page table re-uploaded only when it
changed. tp_bind binds the pool (or 1-layer stand-in arrays while paging is off, u_tp_on = 0) for
every program that reads the ground: terrain_bind_height (models, scatter, shadow_bind, grass),
terrain_bind_prog, the sun pass and the shadow bake. grass_cull.comp reads through the same page
table. R3D_VKMEM prints the pool's line. Tiles off, nothing changes. Compile-only: not run.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Within a pass a row writes only its own still-masked texels and reads only neighbours already let go,
which no row writes that pass, so the result is the single-threaded one. The worker takes a DilateJob
of plain buffers and allocates nothing. tex_dilate_bytes (safe_api) and examples/rendering/dilate.ludic,
which checks it against the old loop on RGB and RGBA atlases of sizes that do not divide (DILATE OK).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
terpage.glsl is the reference block (tpSlot, tpUV, terHeight, terHeightSmooth, terNormalXZ,
terOrtho, tpOrthoRes, tpOrthoLod), pasted by section into terrain.vert, terrain.frag,
tersun.frag, model.vert, grass.vert and grass.mesh. u_tp_on = 0 reads the old samplers with the
old coordinates and filtering; on, a resident tile is read at level 0 from u_tp_h / u_tp_nrm /
u_tp_ortho, anything else from the coarse map now bound under the old names. The B-splines use
the FULL map's texel and take every tap through the page, so a tile edge stays one surface;
blurred photograph reads (lod 1-2.5) stay on u_ortho with the level moved down by the coarse
map's ratio. The fragment stages drop their unused u_height. SPIR-V rebuilt: terrain programs
carry 23 samplers (21 in the fragment stage), up from 19.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The volumetric pass marched 800 m in a fixed number of steps whatever the wall: it now stops at the
wall with steps in proportion (at least 8) - 0.57 -> 0.33 ms at 30 m by the pass timers. SSGI skipped
only past 900 m; it now also skips past 0.85 of a wall, where the fog is solid (u_ao_far). applyFog
samples the fog's colour only where its weight is above zero. A card layer whose casters inside the
wall are 80% or more of it (a kilometre's wall) casts from its static list and is not refiltered and
re-uploaded every 4 m of camera motion. Fog off: the frame unchanged (0 pixels over 8).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
terrain_tiles_to(dir, key) before a map is made: once made, its heights, photograph and baked normals
are written tile by tile (64 m, TT_TEX) to <dir>/<key>.tiles - fresh every time, header last, so no
other generator's or a torn file is ever read - and the whole copies go. Every read goes through the
tile: resident, else read from the file there and then into a 2048-tile clock, so terrain_height,
terrain_height_smooth, terrain_ortho* and terrain_chunk_heights answer exactly what the whole copy
did (R3D_TT_CHECK: worst 0.0 m over 4000 points) whatever is resident - two machines and the boot's
placements agree to the bit. terrain_chunk_heights takes render3d_st mut for it.
terrain_height_near(read-only): the tile if it is in, else a coarse 2048^2 level (worst 0.91 m), never
the file - for line checks that must not take render3d_st mut. terrain_texel() is the texel size,
terrain_tiles_prefetch(x, z, r, budget) reads ahead, and a frame that reads more than 8 tiles says so
once. R3D_TERRAIN_TILES=<dir> turns it on for a run.
At the overlook with MallocLargeCache=0: 1731 MB off, 1658 MB on; 192 MB written in ~200 ms; the
frame unchanged (0 pixels over 8).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The DEM (R16 with mips, 44 MB) was read only by terrain_generate and kept for the map's life; a
world swap loads its own again. The height-field sun shadow was one RGBA32F for three values and an
unused fourth: the lowest lit height stays 32-bit (a receiver 3000 m up compares against it to a
quarter metre), the occluder distance and the cloud mask go beside it in RG16F (64 -> 32 MB), baked
in a pass of their own (TS_AUX): a pipeline takes one colour format for all its targets, and drawn
together into R32F + RG16F the writes went nowhere and nothing was lit.
-75 MB at every fog level, off included (2008 -> 1933 MB at the overlook); the fog-off frame is
unchanged (0 pixels over 8).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A 1 km fog gave a 1040 m zone, more of the world than no fog's 900 m (2405 MB and 1029 nav tiles against
2294 MB and 753 in the fog profile). zones_radius is min(max(fog + 40, 150), 900); the test holds 1 km
and 860 m at 900.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The ring held 2 x 64 MB of host memory for a frame that uses 3 MB at most (2761 draws at the
overlook, 1.7 MB in town): it starts at 16 MB a half, and a frame that ever runs out grows it for the
frames after (gvk_ring_grow, making the kept sets again; R3D_RING_KB=<n> starts small to watch it).
-95 MB at every fog level, off included.
A streamed layer's arrays and its stream's arena are made for the reach a fog wall leaves (twice its
area's share, at least 4096 instances) and emptied to refill within the frame budget
(fog_streams.ludic). The near streams' reach is already inside most walls, so it is -9 MB at 30 m.
R3D_VKMEM adds the ring's high-water mark, the largest buffers and the streamed layers' share.
Footprint at the overlook: 2008 MB off (2108 before this phase), 1748 MB at 175 m, 1682 MB at 30 m.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
An empty world at the game's size held 51839 KB of Jolt's heap (200000 bodies, 65536 pairs, 20480
contacts, a 32 MB temp heap), the jolt= floor under every walk. Pairs and contacts come from what
moves - drops, boats, a few walkers - and a valley's still things make none. Now 11743 KB at 200000
bodies and 8461 KB at the 98304 the game opens for (jolt_floor_test holds it under 16 MB). The temp heap
still falls back to malloc for a step that wants more.
lib/macos-arm64 rebuilt; lib/windows-x64 needs native/build.sh on the PC (jph_world_new's new sizes).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A cascade that begins past the wall was fitted and cleared every frame for nothing: the array is now
made with the ones that begin inside it (2 at 30 m, 3 at 175 m, 5 without a fog) and made again when
the wall changes that count; shadow maps 80 -> 32 MB at 30 m, 48 MB at 175 m. A layer the array lacks
clamps to its last, read only past the wall where everything is fogged.
The sky: at walls of 110 m and nearer the whole sky is the fog's colour, overhead too, with a soft
glow at the sun or moon and no stars or clouds through it, easing out by 175 m; from 175 m on the
horizon band alone, and off as before.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Inside the wall every instance is a mesh whose LOD2 casts its shadow, so a card is neither drawn nor
cast there: fog_impostors.ludic frees a layer's atlases while wall + margin < its near (trees 420-480
m, rocks 320 m) and paints them again from the model when it opens past it (impostor_paint, split out
of the bake). Impostor atlases get memory of their own, so a release goes back to the driver instead
of leaving a hole in a shared block. R3D_FOG_AT=<frame> with R3D_FOG_TO=<m> changes the wall mid-run.
At the overlook: 2102 MB off, 1824 MB at 30 m (249 -> 67 MB of atlases; the rest is the ground cover's
card atlases, drawn inside the wall); opening re-bakes 16 layers in 42-46 ms, back to 2102 MB.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
