stream_set_grid(s, ox, oz) puts a stream's cells on a grid from a corner (0 keeps world zero, today's);
stream_emit_baked(s, recs, count, keep, x0, z0, y_base, lo, hi) emits the first keep 12-byte records
of a baked chunk (the layout agreed with Physics: u16 x, z in 1/65536 of the chunk, u16 y in cm above
y_base, u8 scale over the kind's lo..hi, u8 yaw, seed, wind) into the chunk being filled, and
stream_band_keep(count, share) is a band's prefix. Nothing calls them yet: behaviour unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
ZInflate (z_inflate_new) holds the bit reader, the RFC tables and every table and scratch list a block
builds, rebuilt in place: an inflate allocates nothing, and a worker thread inflates in a context of its
own (made on the program's thread). z_inflate_in / z_uncompress_in / z_gunzip_in take it; z_inflate /
z_uncompress / z_gunzip and every caller (image, atlas, tiled, render3d's png_decode) are unchanged and
work in RtInflateState's one context. The old per-call lit/dist tables were also leaked on an error
return; there are none now. Compiles: Maroon Lake headless, examples/library/tiled_p2 and tiled_p6.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Heights as u16 over each 64 m tile's own minimum and step (a tile spanning 200 m steps 3 mm), normals
octahedral 8 + 8, the photograph RGB8, and the coarse level (2048: heights f32, normals, photograph)
- 30 + 32 + 48 + 16 + 8 + 12 MB, about 146 MB a map where the float tiles were 192 plus nothing coarse.
The writer puts the whole copy back to the quantized values as it goes, so the build's own queries,
the physics, the placements' bake and every machine read the same numbers; a tile read decodes them
into the pools the queries and the page pool already use.
terrain_tiles_bake(path, key, version, inputs_hash) writes a bake's file (ludic.base's LBAK header,
the tiles as its payload) from a made map; terrain_from_baked(path, key, version, half, ox, oz) opens
one at boot in place of terrain_use_dem / terrain_use_ortho, and terrain_init then generates nothing
(and bakes the sun's shadow from the coarse level unless terrain_shadow_from_bytes gave it). Without a
bake the cut writes the same format to <dir>/<key>.tiles and reads it back. The GPU's coarse level is
made from the file's coarse sections (the blit from the whole maps is gone).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
What is deterministic is made at build time by the game's own code (`ludic bake`) and read at run
time. baked.ludic, baked_hash.ludic, baked_stream.ludic:
- The header, 32 bytes little-endian: "LBAK" | u32 format (BAKE_FORMAT 1) | u32 generator version |
u32 payload offset | u64 inputs hash | u64 payload length | then the key (UTF-8, zero-padded to 8),
then the payload at its offset, whose layout is the bake's own.
- bake_write(path, key, version, inputs_hash, payload, n) makes the directories and writes it;
bake_inputs_hash(inputs) is FNV-1a 64 over each space-separated input: its path, a 0, its bytes.
- baked_open(path, key, version) -> []byte: the payload as a view of the file (no copy), or null for
a missing file or another format, key or version. The runtime never hashes inputs; `ludic bake
--check` holds a baked file to them at build time.
- baked_open_range(path, key, version) -> BakedFile kept open (header checked once),
baked_read(bf, at, n, into) -> count read into the caller's buffer from payload offset `at`
(held to the buffer and the payload), baked_len, baked_close: a streamed bake (placements by chunk,
terrain by tile) with nothing made per read. Pack-aware through file_open: on macOS a packed entry
is an fmemopen over the mapped pack (a seek is free), on Windows a temporary copy of the entry made
once when it is opened.
- baked_path(map, file), bake_missing(bake_st, key) (a dev build's line, once a key).
tests/baked_test.ludic: a payload round-trips for its key and version only, a streamed read at an
offset and one past the end, the inputs hash follows path and bytes. Written, type-checked, not run
(compile-only rule).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Each pair runs the work as the renderer always has and reads the result back, or makes the same
textures and fills them from bytes instead: impostor_bytes / impostor_from_bytes (and impostor_fill,
for a fog that opens past a layer's cards), terrain_shadow_bytes / terrain_shadow_from_bytes,
sky_ibl_bytes / sky_ibl_from_bytes (sky_precompute split into sky_ibl_make and the convolutions).
A bundle is a word count, a word length per part and the parts (bake_pack / bake_unpack), checked
against the textures' shapes before any byte is used. gpu_vk_readback.ludic reads a texture's level 0,
every layer, as stored; r3d_baked_read reads a bake's file (ludic.base's LBAK header: key and version
must match) since render3d cannot import ludic.base. Nothing calls them yet: behaviour unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The build's placements ask exact heights over the whole map before any ring exists, and through the
tiles that read the file ~25 000 times in one frame. The copies now stay after the cut and the game
calls terrain_tiles_build_done() when the world is built (the end of world_things, and after a swap's
terrain_reload); every answer is the same before and after, from the copy or the tile. The GPU half
merged here (r3d/tp-rt, r3d/tp-shd: the page table, the pool and the shaders) is unchanged by it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
At the cut the whole 4096 height, normal and photograph textures go, replaced by a coarse
2048 level (the CPU's tt_coarse uploaded; the normal and photograph blitted down on the GPU,
the photograph mipmapped) and a pool of fine tiles in three array textures - heights, normals,
photograph, each layer a tile with a one-texel border - addressed through a tt_n^2 page table
(u_tp_page: slot + 1, 0 = the coarse level). The pool holds the tiles within the reach (900 m,
or the fog wall's when nearer) and a ring, and is made again when the fog wall changes its size
(terrain_pages_fog). Once a frame (tp_frame, beside tt_frame) tiles past the reach and two tiles
go and the wanted ones come in nearest first, 8 a frame, written into a staging buffer kept for
the process (two halves, one per frame in flight) and copied into their layers inside the frame's
own command buffer - no submit of their own - with the page table re-uploaded only when it
changed. tp_bind binds the pool (or 1-layer stand-in arrays while paging is off, u_tp_on = 0) for
every program that reads the ground: terrain_bind_height (models, scatter, shadow_bind, grass),
terrain_bind_prog, the sun pass and the shadow bake. grass_cull.comp reads through the same page
table. R3D_VKMEM prints the pool's line. Tiles off, nothing changes. Compile-only: not run.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Most of a build was one clang -O2 on one .ll (the game: 32 s of a 41 s headless build, one core).
Both paths that assemble - the CLI's (build.ludic: ludicc --emit-llvm, then clang) and ludicc's own
(-o, which ludic bundle and the examples use) - now cut the program's IR into N parts with llvm-split
(externalizing what the parts share), compile them with one clang each in parallel (-x ir -O<opt>
-mmacosx-version-min=11.0, the link's own clang taking the objects where it took the .ll), and remove
the parts and objects after. N is $LUDIC_JOBS, else min(cores, free GB / 1.5).
It needs an llvm-split and a clang of the same LLVM (Homebrew's LLVM 22 writes attributes Apple's
clang 17 cannot read): $LUDIC_LLVM, else /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin. With either missing, on Windows
(its shell cannot run the parts at once yet), with LUDIC_SPLIT=0, or when a part fails, it compiles the
.ll whole as before.
$LUDIC_OPT=1 is a developer's faster build; ludic bundle sets LUDIC_OPT=2 for its compile whatever the
shell says.
Measured before the compile-only rule (this Mac, 12 cores, one build at a time):
- the game headless: 37-41 s -> 13-15.5 s (8 parts / by free memory), peak 2.1 GB -> 1.0-1.1 GB;
- the lab headless: 43.1 s -> 12.7 s, peak 2.4 GB -> 1.0 GB;
- the game at LUDIC_OPT=1, split: 11.8 s (fps cost not measured).
Both built and linked clean; the goldens and a headless shot of the result are not run here.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Within a pass a row writes only its own still-masked texels and reads only neighbours already let go,
which no row writes that pass, so the result is the single-threaded one. The worker takes a DilateJob
of plain buffers and allocates nothing. tex_dilate_bytes (safe_api) and examples/rendering/dilate.ludic,
which checks it against the old loop on RGB and RGBA atlases of sizes that do not divide (DILATE OK).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
terpage.glsl is the reference block (tpSlot, tpUV, terHeight, terHeightSmooth, terNormalXZ,
terOrtho, tpOrthoRes, tpOrthoLod), pasted by section into terrain.vert, terrain.frag,
tersun.frag, model.vert, grass.vert and grass.mesh. u_tp_on = 0 reads the old samplers with the
old coordinates and filtering; on, a resident tile is read at level 0 from u_tp_h / u_tp_nrm /
u_tp_ortho, anything else from the coarse map now bound under the old names. The B-splines use
the FULL map's texel and take every tap through the page, so a tile edge stays one surface;
blurred photograph reads (lod 1-2.5) stay on u_ortho with the level moved down by the coarse
map's ratio. The fragment stages drop their unused u_height. SPIR-V rebuilt: terrain programs
carry 23 samplers (21 in the fragment stage), up from 19.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A switch a library reads only as a process starts - libmalloc's MallocLargeCache, which on a game
keeps ~200-300 MB of freed load buffers - has to be in the environment before main. For a .app started
from Finder, the Dock or `open` that is Info.plist's LSEnvironment; `app env` is repeatable and each
K=V becomes a string in it. bundle_case's probe app carries one and checks it with plutil.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The volumetric pass marched 800 m in a fixed number of steps whatever the wall: it now stops at the
wall with steps in proportion (at least 8) - 0.57 -> 0.33 ms at 30 m by the pass timers. SSGI skipped
only past 900 m; it now also skips past 0.85 of a wall, where the fog is solid (u_ao_far). applyFog
samples the fog's colour only where its weight is above zero. A card layer whose casters inside the
wall are 80% or more of it (a kilometre's wall) casts from its static list and is not refiltered and
re-uploaded every 4 m of camera motion. Fog off: the frame unchanged (0 pixels over 8).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
terrain_tiles_to(dir, key) before a map is made: once made, its heights, photograph and baked normals
are written tile by tile (64 m, TT_TEX) to <dir>/<key>.tiles - fresh every time, header last, so no
other generator's or a torn file is ever read - and the whole copies go. Every read goes through the
tile: resident, else read from the file there and then into a 2048-tile clock, so terrain_height,
terrain_height_smooth, terrain_ortho* and terrain_chunk_heights answer exactly what the whole copy
did (R3D_TT_CHECK: worst 0.0 m over 4000 points) whatever is resident - two machines and the boot's
placements agree to the bit. terrain_chunk_heights takes render3d_st mut for it.
terrain_height_near(read-only): the tile if it is in, else a coarse 2048^2 level (worst 0.91 m), never
the file - for line checks that must not take render3d_st mut. terrain_texel() is the texel size,
terrain_tiles_prefetch(x, z, r, budget) reads ahead, and a frame that reads more than 8 tiles says so
once. R3D_TERRAIN_TILES=<dir> turns it on for a run.
At the overlook with MallocLargeCache=0: 1731 MB off, 1658 MB on; 192 MB written in ~200 ms; the
frame unchanged (0 pixels over 8).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The DEM (R16 with mips, 44 MB) was read only by terrain_generate and kept for the map's life; a
world swap loads its own again. The height-field sun shadow was one RGBA32F for three values and an
unused fourth: the lowest lit height stays 32-bit (a receiver 3000 m up compares against it to a
quarter metre), the occluder distance and the cloud mask go beside it in RG16F (64 -> 32 MB), baked
in a pass of their own (TS_AUX): a pipeline takes one colour format for all its targets, and drawn
together into R32F + RG16F the writes went nowhere and nothing was lit.
-75 MB at every fog level, off included (2008 -> 1933 MB at the overlook); the fog-off frame is
unchanged (0 pixels over 8).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A 1 km fog gave a 1040 m zone, more of the world than no fog's 900 m (2405 MB and 1029 nav tiles against
2294 MB and 753 in the fog profile). zones_radius is min(max(fog + 40, 150), 900); the test holds 1 km
and 860 m at 900.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The ring held 2 x 64 MB of host memory for a frame that uses 3 MB at most (2761 draws at the
overlook, 1.7 MB in town): it starts at 16 MB a half, and a frame that ever runs out grows it for the
frames after (gvk_ring_grow, making the kept sets again; R3D_RING_KB=<n> starts small to watch it).
-95 MB at every fog level, off included.
A streamed layer's arrays and its stream's arena are made for the reach a fog wall leaves (twice its
area's share, at least 4096 instances) and emptied to refill within the frame budget
(fog_streams.ludic). The near streams' reach is already inside most walls, so it is -9 MB at 30 m.
R3D_VKMEM adds the ring's high-water mark, the largest buffers and the streamed layers' share.
Footprint at the overlook: 2008 MB off (2108 before this phase), 1748 MB at 175 m, 1682 MB at 30 m.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
An empty world at the game's size held 51839 KB of Jolt's heap (200000 bodies, 65536 pairs, 20480
contacts, a 32 MB temp heap), the jolt= floor under every walk. Pairs and contacts come from what
moves - drops, boats, a few walkers - and a valley's still things make none. Now 11743 KB at 200000
bodies and 8461 KB at the 98304 the game opens for (jolt_floor_test holds it under 16 MB). The temp heap
still falls back to malloc for a step that wants more.
lib/macos-arm64 rebuilt; lib/windows-x64 needs native/build.sh on the PC (jph_world_new's new sizes).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A cascade that begins past the wall was fitted and cleared every frame for nothing: the array is now
made with the ones that begin inside it (2 at 30 m, 3 at 175 m, 5 without a fog) and made again when
the wall changes that count; shadow maps 80 -> 32 MB at 30 m, 48 MB at 175 m. A layer the array lacks
clamps to its last, read only past the wall where everything is fogged.
The sky: at walls of 110 m and nearer the whole sky is the fog's colour, overhead too, with a soft
glow at the sun or moon and no stars or clouds through it, easing out by 175 m; from 175 m on the
horizon band alone, and off as before.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Inside the wall every instance is a mesh whose LOD2 casts its shadow, so a card is neither drawn nor
cast there: fog_impostors.ludic frees a layer's atlases while wall + margin < its near (trees 420-480
m, rocks 320 m) and paints them again from the model when it opens past it (impostor_paint, split out
of the bake). Impostor atlases get memory of their own, so a release goes back to the driver instead
of leaving a hole in a shared block. R3D_FOG_AT=<frame> with R3D_FOG_TO=<m> changes the wall mid-run.
At the overlook: 2102 MB off, 1824 MB at 30 m (249 -> 67 MB of atlases; the rest is the ground cover's
card atlases, drawn inside the wall); opening re-bakes 16 layers in 42-46 ms, back to 2102 MB.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- The arrows, a press on the select and the pad step past a disabled option (ct_opt_step), wrapping
as before.
- A value naming a disabled option is shown as the nearest enabled one (the lower of two as near) and
set to it once the build is done: an event fired while the tree is built is cleared with the frame's,
so the clamp is queued (ct_clamp_n / _i) and fired after nt_fired_clear.
- The < or > whose next option is disabled is drawn disabled (its part's :disabled), so a cycler shows
where the options stop being on; it still steps past them.
- ct_build_select moves to controls_opts.ludic with the rest (controls_build.ludic 119 -> 104 lines).
Golden ui_select_disabled: options 3 and 4 disabled, a value of 4 clamps to 2, > is drawn disabled
there, > wraps to 0 and < from 0 steps back to 2. The 38 ui examples pass.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every allocation carries the owner its maker was wrapped in (models, terrain, impostor atlases,
scatter, grass, shadow maps, frame targets, sky, water, game textures, made in a frame), and the
report prints each owner's images and buffers, the 25 largest images and the scatter layers',
streams' and terrain's CPU copies. Nothing drawn changes.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
zones_set / zones_clear / zones_merge, zones_contains / zones_nearest and the clusters' bounding circles,
over fixed arrays of ZONES_MAX (16). WildlifeWorld.active freezes an animal outside (no state change, no
dice), NpcWorld.active a walker (and no birth outside), VehicleWorld.active a moored boat, and
ThingsWorld.restocks keeps a morning's restock inside; every default is "everywhere", so an unbound game
is unchanged. Tests: the merge (near players one cluster, far two, a player leaving splits a chain),
contains, nearest, the radius; wildlife, npc, vehicles and things pass as before.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
For loading the world by each player's fog rather than a fixed 900 m. keep_near_test: a zone round
one corner brings in its tile, a bigger one its neighbours, an edge nudged back and forth twenty times
changes nothing, and a zone moved 2 km away lets them all go.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Whatever is cut at the wall is now cut inside full fog: at 0.3-1.0 the last metres before the cut
were 80-95% fogged against fully fogged ground behind, which drew a line of tufts at 70 m and a
dark band of blade tips at 30 m. The blades thin out while the fog is still coming in.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
cam_sphere_visible refuses a sphere wholly past the wall (terrain patches, scatter cells, stream
chunks, grass tiles, water), actors past it are skipped for draws, casters and outlines, the grass
reach and the streams' generate-and-gather reach end at it, and the card shadows cast only from
the wall's share of a layer (fog_casters.ludic, rebuilt every 4 m). r3d_beyond_fog is exported for
the game to skip animating what will not be drawn. Render-only: no query of the ground or the world
changes, and off is the old frame (0 pixels over 8 against 160ce96, twice per side).
Draws per frame at the overlook: 2757 off, 1104 at 175 m, 484 at 30 m.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Master's windowed fog profile failed the fence at walk t 35 s: +512 B from value_new / value_put /
value_slot / value_lists under bd_class and cmp_keycap_model - a KeyCap first shown mid-walk.
It is a first build, bounded, not a per-show leak: an unmounted instance goes to in_free and the next
show of its class reuses it (in_reuse, `renew`), its props and model objects kept and filled in place.
Only a NEW instance makes them - bounded by how many of that class are up at once, and the ones
unmounted less than two builds ago. in_reuse already declared the record; the props and model objects
and their first fill, made afterwards in bd_class, were not. They are now: in_reuse marks a new record
`fresh`, and bd_class's first fill of it goes through bd_first_fill (@alloc_ok) - a reused instance's
fill stays judged, so a real per-show leak would still fail.
Golden ui_first_show: a component first shown at frame 700, once the fence is judging, then hidden and
shown twice more: bad 0 (the toolchain before this fails frame 701: +464 B value_new from value_slot
under cmp_cell_model, value_put grow - the profile's failure). The 37 ui examples pass.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every lit program blends toward the horizon colour (the prefiltered sky with the sun's inscatter,
so it carries the day's grade); the sky's horizon band is pulled to the same colour, wider the
closer the wall. The far plane, scatter and stream cull reach and the shadow cascades are clamped
to the wall; the reflection pass shares the shaders and the cull. 0 is off: every branch is gated
on u_fog_wall > 0 and r3d_reach hands back the far it was given. R3D_FOG_WALL=<m> for a shot.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
