The typed buffers are slices: words/floats/fixeds/doubles/pointers(n) make
zeroed, bounds-checked []int/[]float/... and the type names mean them. buffer(n)
is a []byte, with text_of, Fs.read_bytes/write_bytes and view(xs, start, n).
bytes(), indexing a raw pointer or bytes, free, resize, Memory.*, raw file calls,
data_of and C externs are refused outside unsafe { } / unsafe function, and a
project's own files may write unsafe only with --unsafe; the runtime and packages
are the platform. A slice passed to an extern goes as its data.
What the change found: Sync's atomics on a slice header, words(n) uninitialised,
input's fixed axes in ints, truetype's fixed outlines as ints, skin matrices
typed int, gl_shader's source table made from raw bytes. render3d gets safe
entry points (safe_api.ludic). Rendering is byte-identical; a frame costs the same.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Input.text, App.monitor_count / window_to_monitor / window_fixed,
gl_sleep_us, and the grass and collide changes, uncommitted on main and
depended on by the game; carried here so the language work starts from
what the game actually uses. main's working tree is untouched.
The platform gave these keys no code at all, so a game's rebinding screen could not take
one and nothing said why. Windows asked the active layout what they type and got nothing
(w_vk_char answers 0 for a key with no character); macOS let them fall through to
charactersIgnoringModifiers, which reports NSF1FunctionKey and its neighbours at 0xF704
and up - outside the 256-bit held set either way.
w_keyval and ev_keyval now name them, with the same codes on both: 132-143 F1-F12,
144-149 Home / End / PageUp / PageDown / Insert / Delete, 150 Caps Lock, 152-161 the
numpad digits, 162-166 its * + - . and /. The numpad's Enter is Enter.
Key.F1, Key.Home, Key.Numpad0 and the rest fold at compile time, and Input.key_label
names them without asking the layout - a key that types nothing is called the same thing
on every layout.
examples/library/input_typeless_keys.ludic covers the codes, the names, the held set and
the press edge; 150 passed in ludic-dev test, 33 in selfhost-test.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The Windows runtime keyed the held set by the character MapVirtualKeyA gave a
virtual key, so a game's WASD belonged to whatever the active layout put there,
and with an input method on every letter arrived as VK_PROCESSKEY. The typing
block is now read from the scancode (the arrows, numpad and F-keys still by
virtual key); macOS reads keyCode the same way. Input.key_label(key) names a key
in the player's own layout (Windows) or as its US character elsewhere.
Verified on Windows with SendInput into a live window: VK_Z carrying W's scancode
holds 'w', VK_PROCESSKEY carrying A's holds 'a', Caps Lock changes nothing.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The delta was this frame's position minus the last, and the last started at 0,0, so the
first frame reported the cursor's whole distance from the corner as motion. A cursor-mode
change did the same, switching between a locked cursor's virtual reticle and the real
cursor. Maroon Lake's camera adds mouse_dy to its pitch and came up pointing at the ground.
examples/library/input_mouse_rebase.ludic covers both cases, plus ordinary motion and
re-setting the mode already in force.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`Gl.*` binds the whole OpenGL 4.1 core API — every entry point of the
platform gl3.h with every GL_* constant, generated by `ludic-dev glgen`
with per-call ABI thunks. Windowed builds get an NSOpenGLContext on the
existing window at Retina resolution; headless builds render into an
offscreen CGL context, so a program that uses Gl.* renders and
screenshots identically under the test harness. It links gl.ll, the
thunks and OpenGL.framework only when used; every other build stays
byte-identical.
packages/ludic.render3d is a physically based renderer written on that
surface: HDRI image-based lighting, GPU-generated terrain with scanned
PBR materials, CDLOD, cascaded shadows, glTF with skinning, instanced
vegetation with impostors, procedural grass, water, SSAO, and an HDR
pipeline with bloom, auto-exposure and ACES.
It also carries this session's work on it: the terrain at half its cost
(10.3 -> 5.4 ms of frame), the streaming hitch that got worse the longer
you played, a resize that emptied the world, and the packaging that lets
a game use the renderer from its own repository — `ludic assets`, the
material manifest shipping with the package, and shader lookup falling
back to the install root. See changes/ for each, with its numbers.
The camping game that drove all of it has moved out to its own
repository, Maroon Lake; examples/rendering/smooth.ludic stays as the
renderer's example here.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- runtime: HEADLESS_FRAME_PATH, STICK_DEADZONE / STICK_LEFT_X/Y, key and
byte codes as char literals throughout (`k == 'w'`, `fill(rt_map, ' ', …)`)
- ludic.gameplay/stats: drop the duplicate `stat_field` (it answered "atk"
for every build stat); Stats.base uses stats_field_name
- ludic.shooter: compare aim modes and fire patterns with AimMode.* and
WeaponPattern.* instead of raw ints; STICK_RIGHT_X/Y
- ludic.npcai: DecisionMade / brain_set_state use AiState.*
- examples/games/menu.ludic uses Font.load / Ui.* with FONT_PATH and
BACKDROP named; strings.ludic header says what it prints
- whole tree: `x = x + 1` → `x += 1` (single-term right-hand sides only),
`0 - x` → `-x`, ASCII codes → char literals; every .ludic and every
```ludic fence reformatted with the fixed formatter (whitespace only)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Closes the two open issues and lands the pending unreleased batch:
- #90: `Sprite { atlas: 1 }` routes esys_sprite through atlas_draw_ex
(scale/flip/tint), so cell / cell_span / strip ids of any size draw
through the engine sprite-render system. examples/library/sprite_atlas
is the pixel-readback regression.
- #91: `become` from an @On(Event) listener / global handler / plain
function no longer segfaults the compiler; it emits @L_scene_leave()
(a dispatch on the live scene id) so the leaving scene's on-exit runs.
UI_* handles are readable from any code (widget table built on first
use). examples/library/scene_menus covers it.
- fix: a windowed `ludicc -o` build that reaches the audio runtime only
through the atlas/Assets preload import now links audio.ll +
AVFoundation (the audio backend link was gated on a game-level
Audio.* call, so any windowed game declaring Sprite failed to link).
- the hand-written "Unreleased" CHANGELOG section is converted to
changesets under changes/ so `x release` generates it.
- plus the batch: engine-driven retained UI + UiClicked event, Overlay
phase, TileSkin tilemap-render system, Key.* constants, Font/Ui/File
namespaces, Sprite.strip, prefabs, managers, countdown fields,
enum-typed machines, layer @Queries, ludic.prefs / ludic.dungeon
packages, Ai.seek pathing, Solids.solid2, cursor confine (mode 3)
fix, shooter centre-aim fix, reserved-word function diagnostic.
Verified: x test (124/124), x test-tools, check-impl, check-vocabulary,
check-docs, docs-gen + docs-check, bootstrap-cfree (seed is a fixpoint).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A windowed action game can hide the OS cursor and lock/confine the mouse to the
window. Input.cursor_mode(mode): 0 normal, 1 hidden (draw your own reticle),
2 locked (hidden + dissociated — the mouse feeds relative motion via
Input.mouse_dx/dy and Input.mouse_x/y is a clamped virtual cursor, FPS/twin-stick
aim), 3 confined (dissociated but visible; the mouse can't leave the window).
The platform auto-releases (shows + reconnects) while the window is not key
(Cmd-Tab) and on close, so the cursor is never left captured. Headless it is a
no-op (DCE'd).
Native macOS impl in cocoa.ll: [NSCursor hide]/[unhide] (ref-counted, toggled
only on change so the count stays balanced across focus changes),
CGAssociateMouseAndMouseCursorPosition, and CGGetLastMouseDelta for the relative
virtual cursor, behind a new win_cursor_mode intrinsic. Windowed-only behaviour
(not in the headless golden suite); example compiles headless and links
windowed. Full suite 115/0, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
#79 — Input.axis_i(neg,pos) -> int returns a -1/0/1 movement intent from the
multi-key device set, so WASD-to-movement needs no bool->int glue and feeds an
int mover directly (dx = Input.axis_i('a','d')).
#84 — a Bounds config entity (rect + policy, from ludic.core) drives the
engine-owned world-bounds system (LateUpdate): clamp / wrap / bounce (clamp +
flip Body velocity) / kill (despawn a body fully outside). Reads the Collider
size so the box stays inside; off by default, spliced only when Bounds is
declared (byte-identical otherwise). Adds World.despawn(e) — the by-id
reflective despawn (runs @OnDespawn + frees) via a new world_despawn intrinsic
whose @fn_world_despawn helper is emitted in emit_program's tail once a use is
seen (the g_uses_* prelude pattern), used by the kill policy and callable from
any system.
Examples input_movement + world_bounds. Full suite 112/0, goldens
byte-identical, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Since #83 the loop commits the device layer once per frame (input_drive), but a
game that ALSO called Input.poll by hand committed a second time in the same
frame; input_device_commit copies in_held into in_prev at the top of every
commit, so the second commit left in_prev == in_held and the edges (held &&
!prev) could never see a transition.
Fix: an in_have_frame_driver flag. The loop's input_drive sets it; a manual
Input.poll under the loop then becomes a no-op returning the frame's key
instead of re-committing. An entry-driven harness has no loop, so the flag
stays false and each Input.poll commits a frame as before (the #7/#50
record/replay + device tests are unchanged). Frame loop now calls input_drive.
Example input_edge (press edge on the down frame, release edge on the up
frame). Full suite 110/0, goldens byte-identical, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Fixes the papercut: the generated frame loop called rt_poll() (feeding only
Input.key) but never input_poll(), so Input.active/key_down/mouse/pad read
empty unless the game called Input.poll() by hand. The loop now calls
input_poll() when the game uses any Input runtime method — committing the
held-key/mouse/gamepad state, and record/replay — and stores its return as the
frame key so Input.key still works. A game using no Input runtime keeps the
plain rt_poll path, byte-identical.
Adds the Input-Manager API: Input.action(name,key) ships a default binding
(kept if already bound, so a rebind/loaded map isn't clobbered),
Input.bind_pad(name,button) makes an action device-agnostic (keyboard OR pad),
and Input.active/just_pressed/just_released read the multi-key device layer
with clean on-press/on-release edges (deterministic, dispatch-free — a handler
polls the edge; a replay fires identically).
Examples input_manager + input_auto, 5 docs pages. Full suite 107/0, goldens
byte-identical, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Wire the macOS platform side of the #50 device layer, feeding the same state
buffers the read APIs consume — no API changes, purely OS glue.
- mouse: cocoa.ll reads the live cursor via mouseLocationOutsideOfEventStream,
converted to framebuffer pixels and y-flipped, so windowed games get
Input.mouse_x/y without injection (W_mx/W_my were never written before).
- gamepad: win_pad polls GCController.controllers each frame, packing extended-
gamepad buttons (SDL_GameControllerButton order) and thumbsticks (16.16 fixed,
Y negated for SDL convention) into in_pad_*. Windowed builds now load
GameController via -needed_framework (its classes are reached by name, so a
plain -framework link dead-strips it); DCE'd in headless builds.
- touch: the view's NSTouch phase handlers snapshot the touching set into
in_touch_* (normalizedPosition -> framebuffer pixels).
Web platform.js gains zero-fill stubs for win_held/mouse/pad/touch so a windowed
wasm build resolves the device-layer imports. New test asserts the windowed link
loads GameController. Reseeded; full + selfhost suites green (79 + 29).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The raw device layer the input proposal sketched, over the action maps +
record/replay of #7. Beyond one key per frame, gameplay can read:
- Multiple simultaneous held keys: Input.key_down / key_pressed / key_released,
with clean rising/falling edges (hold left AND jump).
- Analog from keys: Input.axis(neg, pos) and a normalized Input.vector(l,r,u,d)
(diagonals scaled by 1/sqrt(2)), plus Input.strength(action).
- Mouse: Input.mouse_x/y, mouse_dx/dy (per-frame delta), mouse_down(btn), wheel.
- Gamepads: Input.pad_connected/pad_button/pad_axis (SDL-order buttons, -1..1
sticks); touch: Input.touch_count/touch_x/touch_y.
The held set is fed by the platform when windowed — cocoa.ll now tracks
keyDown/keyUp into a 256-bit held-key bitset (win_held) and the mouse
buttons/wheel (win_mouse), gated so headless builds DCE the native calls — and
by the Input.press / Input.set_mouse / Input.set_pad / Input.set_touch injection
on every target (Godot-style action injection: replays, AI, network-fed input).
Input.record / replay now snapshot the full per-frame device state (held set +
mouse), extending #7's single-key tape.
Everything is integer and deterministic, so the same inputs reproduce the same
frame on every run and headless. The gamepad/touch native hardware bindings
(GameController.framework / NSTouch) feed the same injected state and are the one
remaining platform-glue follow-up; the software layer, semantics and replay are
complete and driven deterministically today.
Worked example + regression: examples/library/input_device.ludic
(1 1 0 1 0 1 71 -71 5 1 3 1 2 1 0 0 1, injection-driven headless). 23 new
docs/language/input pages. Full suite 78 passed, self-host C-free fixpoint
intact, no golden drift; cocoa.ll assembles and a windowed build links.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The two ideas the input revamp leads with, built in Ludic over the
single-key poll every target already provides:
- Action maps: gameplay reads named actions, not physical keys, so keys
are rebindable and a scheme is data. Input.bind(action, key),
Input.down/pressed(action), Input.rebind(action, from, to).
- Deterministic record/replay: Input.poll() is the one per-frame input
read; Input.record() captures the key each frame and Input.replay()
feeds the tape back, so a run reproduces exactly — the seed of lockstep
netcode. "Read input" and "read a recorded snapshot" are the same call.
runtime/native/input.ludic (spliced when the new Input.* methods are used;
pulls in core.ludic for rt_poll). emit_ns_call routes the methods to the
@fn_input_* runtime; parse.ludic gates the splice. Seven docs/language
pages; worked example + regression examples/library/input_actions.ludic
(1 0 1 1 0 1 0). Full suite 75 passed, self-host fixpoint intact, no golden
drift. The device layer (multi-key held, gamepads, touch, analog) needs a
platform key-state backend and is tracked separately.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
