ludic/runtime/native/dict.ludic

# ============================================================================
# dict.ludic — string-keyed containers: a hash map (`Dict.*`) from string keys
# to int values, and a set (`Set.*`) of string members. Written in Ludic.
#
# The everyday lookups a game needs: counts and registries by name (Dict) and
# membership by name — tags, visited tiles, unlocked achievements (Set). Both
# are backed by one open-addressing hash table (FNV-1a hash, linear probing,
# tombstone deletes, grow at load factor 0.7), so lookup and insert are O(1)
# average, not the linear scan a plain list would give. Keys are compared by
# content (the language's `==` on strings). Values are `int`, which also holds
# an `entity` handle or any small id; for richer values, use the Value.* tree.
#
# ludicc splices this file into any program that mentions `Dict.*` or `Set.*`;
# it is a self-contained fragment (only compiler intrinsics), so a plain tool
# works as well as a game. The namespaces (emit_call.ludic) alias each method to
# the matching `dict_*` / `set_*` function below. A Set is just a Dict whose
# values are ignored, so `Set.*` delegates to the same table.
# ============================================================================

const DICT_EMPTY: int = 0    # slot never used
const DICT_USED:  int = 1    # slot holds a live key
const DICT_TOMB:  int = 2    # slot held a key that was removed

# keys: one 8-byte pointer slot each (null when empty); vals/used: one word each.
property Dict { keys: pointers, vals: words, used: words, cap: int = 0, count: int = 0 }

# (re)allocate the three parallel arrays to `cap` slots, all cleared
function dict_init(d: Dict, cap: int) -> void {
  d.cap = cap;  d.count = 0
  d.keys = pointers(cap);  fill(d.keys, 0, cap * 8)   # null slots
  d.vals = words(cap);      fill(d.vals, 0, cap * 4)
  d.used = words(cap);      fill(d.used, 0, cap * 4)
}

function dict_new() -> Dict {
  let d = new Dict
  dict_init(d, 16)
  return d
}

# FNV-1a over the key's bytes -> a non-negative slot index in [0, cap)
function dict_slot(key: pointer, cap: int) -> int {
  var h = -2128831035          # FNV-1a offset basis, as a signed i32
  var i = 0
  while key[i] != 0 { h = (h ^ key[i]) * 16777619;  i += 1 }
  h = h & 2147483647              # clear the sign bit -> non-negative
  return h - (h / cap) * cap      # h % cap
}

# slot index of `key`, or -1 if absent
function dict_find(d: Dict, key: pointer) -> int {
  if d.cap == 0 { return -1 }
  var idx = dict_slot(key, d.cap)
  var probes = 0
  while probes < d.cap {
    let u = d.used[idx]
    if u == DICT_EMPTY { return -1 }
    if u == DICT_USED and d.keys[idx] == key { return idx }
    idx += 1
    if idx >= d.cap { idx = 0 }
    probes += 1
  }
  return -1
}

# grow to double capacity and reinsert every live key
function dict_grow(d: Dict) -> void {
  let oldcap = d.cap
  let oldkeys = d.keys
  let oldvals = d.vals
  let oldused = d.used
  var nc = oldcap * 2
  if nc < 16 { nc = 16 }
  dict_init(d, nc)
  var i = 0
  while i < oldcap {
    if oldused[i] == DICT_USED { dict_set(d, oldkeys[i], oldvals[i]) }
    i += 1
  }
}

# insert or update key -> value
function dict_set(d: Dict, key: pointer, value: int) -> void {
  if d.cap == 0 { dict_init(d, 16) }
  if (d.count + 1) * 10 >= d.cap * 7 { dict_grow(d) }      # load factor 0.7
  var idx = dict_slot(key, d.cap)
  var tomb = -1
  var probes = 0
  while probes < d.cap {
    let u = d.used[idx]
    if u == DICT_EMPTY {
      var slot = idx
      if tomb >= 0 { slot = tomb }
      d.keys[slot] = key;  d.vals[slot] = value;  d.used[slot] = DICT_USED
      d.count += 1
      return
    }
    if u == DICT_TOMB { if tomb < 0 { tomb = idx } }
    if u == DICT_USED and d.keys[idx] == key { d.vals[idx] = value;  return }
    idx += 1
    if idx >= d.cap { idx = 0 }
    probes += 1
  }
  if tomb >= 0 {
    d.keys[tomb] = key;  d.vals[tomb] = value;  d.used[tomb] = DICT_USED
    d.count += 1
  }
}

# the value for key, or 0 if absent (use dict_get_or to distinguish a stored 0)
function dict_get(d: Dict, key: pointer) -> int {
  let i = dict_find(d, key)
  if i < 0 { return 0 }
  return d.vals[i]
}

function dict_get_or(d: Dict, key: pointer, fallback: int) -> int {
  let i = dict_find(d, key)
  if i < 0 { return fallback }
  return d.vals[i]
}

function dict_has(d: Dict, key: pointer) -> bool { return dict_find(d, key) >= 0 }

# remove key (a no-op if absent); leaves a tombstone so probes still find later keys
function dict_remove(d: Dict, key: pointer) -> void {
  let i = dict_find(d, key)
  if i < 0 { return }
  d.used[i] = DICT_TOMB
  d.keys[i] = null
  d.count -= 1
}

function dict_size(d: Dict) -> int { return d.count }

function dict_clear(d: Dict) -> void {
  if d.cap == 0 { return }
  fill(d.keys, 0, d.cap * 8)
  fill(d.used, 0, d.cap * 4)
  d.count = 0
}

# every live key, in unspecified order
function dict_keys(d: Dict) -> []pointer {
  let out = new []pointer
  var i = 0
  while i < d.cap {
    if d.used[i] == DICT_USED { push(out, d.keys[i]) }
    i += 1
  }
  return out
}

# ---- Set: a Dict whose values are ignored ----------------------------------

function set_new() -> Dict { return dict_new() }
function set_add(s: Dict, key: pointer) -> void { dict_set(s, key, 1) }
function set_has(s: Dict, key: pointer) -> bool { return dict_has(s, key) }
function set_remove(s: Dict, key: pointer) -> void { dict_remove(s, key) }
function set_size(s: Dict) -> int { return dict_size(s) }
function set_clear(s: Dict) -> void { dict_clear(s) }
function set_members(s: Dict) -> []pointer { return dict_keys(s) }