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ludic/selfhost/backend/emit_decl.ludic
Orkuncakilkaya 5d3a799e33 feat(pkg): phase 15 - a package can carry a native library 
native "<target>" "<path>" in a package's package.ludic; the compiler records the libraries of
every package a program imports and writes them into the IR (; ludic-native:), so ludicc -o,
ludic build, ludic test and ludic bundle all link one list. macOS: an rpath to the package and to
Contents/Frameworks, where ludic bundle copies and signs each library and drops the build
machine's rpath. Windows: the import library, the .dll copied beside the exe (--natives-out for
the bundle). tools/native/lib.sh builds from a pinned, checksummed source with clang on both
machines; ludic.nativeecho is the worked example; the shim rules are in packages/README.md.
Linked at build time rather than dlopen (docs/PACKAGES.md says why). Reseeded.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-26 23:35:45 +03:00

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# emit_decl.ludic — functions, main, and the whole-program driver. A function's
# body is built into a scratch buffer so entry-block allocas can be spliced in
# ahead of it (see emit_alloca). Returns go through a %retval slot + `ret` label.
function emit_params_sig(d: Node) -> void {
var i = 0
while i < len(d.kids) {
if i > 0 { emit(", ") }
emit(llty(d.kids[i].ty)); emit(" %arg_"); emit(d.kids[i].s)
i += 1
}
}
function emit_fn(d: Node) -> void {
ll_t = 0; ll_lbl = 0; g_term = false; loc_reset(); nloop = 0
det_enter(d.s)
g_cur_scene = null # a function belongs to no scene: `become` leaves the live one
ret_ty = d.ty
let fbody = buf_new()
falloc = buf_new()
let saved = code
code = fbody
let rl = llty(ret_ty)
if not (rl == "void") { buf_puts(falloc, " %retval = alloca "); buf_puts(falloc, rl); buf_puts(falloc, "\n") }
# params: store each incoming argument into a stack slot
var i = 0
while i < len(d.kids) {
let p = d.kids[i]
let slot = emit_alloca(llty(p.ty))
emit(" store "); emit(llty(p.ty)); emit(" %arg_"); emit(p.s); emit(", ptr "); emit(slot); emit("\n")
loc_push(p.s, slot, p.ty)
i += 1
}
emit_block(d.a)
if not (rl == "void") and not block_ends(d.a) { perr(`function '{d.s}' can reach its end without returning a {ret_ty}`) }
if not g_term { emit(" br label %ret\n") }
emit("ret:\n")
if (rl == "void") { emit(" ret void\n") }
else { let r = emit_bind(`load {rl}, ptr %retval`); emit(" ret "); emit(rl); emit(" "); emit(r); emit("\n") }
code = saved
emit("define "); emit(rl); emit(" @fn_"); emit(d.s); emit("("); emit_params_sig(d); emit(") {\nentry:\n")
emit(buf_str(falloc))
emit(buf_str(fbody))
emit("}\n\n")
g_det_ctx = ""
}
function emit_main(d: Node) -> void {
ll_t = 0; ll_lbl = 0; g_term = false; loc_reset(); nloop = 0
ret_ty = "int"
let fbody = buf_new()
falloc = buf_new()
let saved = code
code = fbody
buf_puts(falloc, " %retval = alloca i32\n")
emit(" store i32 %argc, ptr @L_argc\n")
emit(" store ptr %argv, ptr @L_argv\n")
emit(" store i32 0, ptr %retval\n")
# boot the runtime like the auto-loop / test runner do, so an `entry`-driven
# game that renders (drives tick_render, draws, uses the engine light pass) has
# its framebuffer allocated. Headless it only allocates — no window, no output —
# so a non-rendering entry game is unchanged.
emit(" call void @L_init_runtime()\n")
if (find_fn("rt_init") != null) { emit(" call void " + fn_sym("rt_init") + "()\n") }
emit(" call void @L_init_globals()\n")
emit_block(d.a)
if not g_term { emit(" br label %ret\n") }
emit("ret:\n")
let r = emit_bind("load i32, ptr %retval")
emit(" ret i32 "); emit(r); emit("\n")
code = saved
emit("define i32 @main(i32 %argc, ptr %argv) {\nentry:\n")
emit(buf_str(falloc))
emit(buf_str(fbody))
emit("}\n")
}
# ---- the testing framework -------------------------------------------------
# A `test "name" { ... }` block lowers to a void function; `expect*` assertions
# inside it flip @L_test_fail. A synthetic runner @main runs every test, prints
# `ok - name` / `FAIL - name`, a summary, and exits non-zero if any failed.
# `./tests "name"` runs only the test with exactly that name (what an editor's
# per-test run button passes); naming a test that does not exist is a failure.
# one test block -> a void function @fn__test_<idx> (mirrors emit_fn's shape).
function emit_test_fn(t: Node, idx: int) -> void {
ll_t = 0; ll_lbl = 0; g_term = false; loc_reset(); nloop = 0
ret_ty = "void"
let fbody = buf_new()
falloc = buf_new()
let saved = code
code = fbody
emit_block(t.a)
if not g_term { emit(" br label %ret\n") }
emit("ret:\n ret void\n")
code = saved
emit("define void @fn__test_"); emit(itoa(idx)); emit("() {\nentry:\n")
emit(buf_str(falloc))
emit(buf_str(fbody))
emit("}\n\n")
}
# emit every test body plus the runner @main that drives them.
function emit_test_runner() -> void {
emith("@L_test_fail = internal global i32 0\n")
emith("@.fmt_test_sum = private unnamed_addr constant [28 x i8] c\"== %d passed, %d failed ==\\0A\\00\"\n")
emith("@.fmt_test_none = private unnamed_addr constant [20 x i8] c\"no test named \\22%s\\22\\0A\\00\"\n")
var i = 0
while i < len(g_tests) { emit_test_fn(g_tests[i], i); i += 1 }
if g_uses_expect { emith("@.fmt_expect = private unnamed_addr constant [22 x i8] c\"%s (got %d, want %d)\\0A\\00\"\n") }
if g_uses_expect_str { emith("@.fmt_expect_str = private unnamed_addr constant [26 x i8] c\"%s (got \\22%s\\22, want \\22%s\\22)\\0A\\00\"\n") }
if g_uses_expect_fp { emith("@.fmt_expect_fp = private unnamed_addr constant [22 x i8] c\"%s (got %g, want %g)\\0A\\00\"\n") }
ll_t = 0; ll_lbl = 0
emit("define i32 @main(i32 %argc, ptr %argv) {\nentry:\n")
emit(" store i32 %argc, ptr @L_argc\n")
emit(" store ptr %argv, ptr @L_argv\n")
emit(" %failed = alloca i32\n store i32 0, ptr %failed\n")
emit(" %ran = alloca i32\n store i32 0, ptr %ran\n")
# argv[1], when given, names the one test to run
emit(" %filter = alloca ptr\n store ptr null, ptr %filter\n")
let lhas = lbl("tfilt"); let lstart = lbl("tbegin")
let hasf = emit_bind("icmp sgt i32 %argc, 1")
emit(` br i1 {hasf}, label %{lhas}, label %{lstart}\n`)
emit(`{lhas}:\n`)
let fslot = emit_bind("getelementptr ptr, ptr %argv, i64 1")
let fval = emit_bind(`load ptr, ptr {fslot}`)
emit(` store ptr {fval}, ptr %filter\n`)
emit(` br label %{lstart}\n`)
emit(`{lstart}:\n`)
# `--list` names every test, one a line: `ludic test` runs each in a process of its own
let llist = lbl("tlist"); let lrun0 = lbl("trun0")
let fl0 = emit_bind("load ptr, ptr %filter")
let hasf0 = emit_bind(`icmp ne ptr {fl0}, null`)
let lcmp0 = lbl("tlcmp")
emit(` br i1 {hasf0}, label %{lcmp0}, label %{lrun0}\n`)
emit(`{lcmp0}:\n`)
let listflag = emit_str_const("--list")
let lc = emit_bind(`call i32 @strcmp(ptr {fl0}, ptr {listflag})`)
let islist = emit_bind(`icmp eq i32 {lc}, 0`)
emit(` br i1 {islist}, label %{llist}, label %{lrun0}\n`)
emit(`{llist}:\n`)
var li = 0
while li < len(g_tests) {
let nm = emit_str_const(g_tests[li].s)
emit(` call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_line, ptr {nm})\n`)
li += 1
}
emit(" ret i32 0\n")
emit(`{lrun0}:\n`)
emit(" call void @L_init_runtime()\n")
if has_ecs() { emit(" call void @rt_init()\n") }
emit(" call void @L_init_globals()\n")
i = 0
while i < len(g_tests) {
let okmsg = emit_str_const(`ok - {g_tests[i].s}`)
let failmsg = emit_str_const(`FAIL - {g_tests[i].s}`)
let tname = emit_str_const(g_tests[i].s)
let lcmp = lbl("tcmp"); let lrun = lbl("trun"); let lskip = lbl("tskip")
let fl = emit_bind("load ptr, ptr %filter")
let nof = emit_bind(`icmp eq ptr {fl}, null`)
emit(` br i1 {nof}, label %{lrun}, label %{lcmp}\n`)
emit(`{lcmp}:\n`)
let cmp = emit_bind(`call i32 @strcmp(ptr {fl}, ptr {tname})`)
let same = emit_bind(`icmp eq i32 {cmp}, 0`)
emit(` br i1 {same}, label %{lrun}, label %{lskip}\n`)
emit(`{lrun}:\n`)
let rn = emit_bind("load i32, ptr %ran")
let rn1 = emit_bind(`add i32 {rn}, 1`)
emit(` store i32 {rn1}, ptr %ran\n`)
emit(" store i32 0, ptr @L_test_fail\n")
# 0.S: every state fresh for each test - the states are what changes, and they are made here
if i > 0 { emit(" call void @L_init_globals()\n") }
emit(` call void @fn__test_{itoa(i)}()\n`)
let f = emit_bind("load i32, ptr @L_test_fail")
let isbad = emit_bind(`icmp ne i32 {f}, 0`)
let lpass = lbl("tpass"); let lfail = lbl("tfail"); let ldone = lbl("tdone")
emit(` br i1 {isbad}, label %{lfail}, label %{lpass}\n`)
emit(`{lpass}:\n`)
emit(` call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_line, ptr {okmsg})\n`)
emit(` br label %{ldone}\n`)
emit(`{lfail}:\n`)
let cf = emit_bind("load i32, ptr %failed")
let cf1 = emit_bind(`add i32 {cf}, 1`)
emit(` store i32 {cf1}, ptr %failed\n`)
emit(` call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_line, ptr {failmsg})\n`)
emit(` br label %{ldone}\n`)
emit(`{ldone}:\n`)
emit(` br label %{lskip}\n`)
emit(`{lskip}:\n`)
i += 1
}
# a filter that matched nothing is a typo, not a pass
let lnone = lbl("tnone"); let lsum = lbl("tsum")
let ran = emit_bind("load i32, ptr %ran")
let fl = emit_bind("load ptr, ptr %filter")
let hasfilter = emit_bind(`icmp ne ptr {fl}, null`)
let noran = emit_bind(`icmp eq i32 {ran}, 0`)
let missed = emit_bind(`and i1 {hasfilter}, {noran}`)
emit(` br i1 {missed}, label %{lnone}, label %{lsum}\n`)
emit(`{lnone}:\n`)
emit(` call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_test_none, ptr {fl})\n`)
emit(" ret i32 1\n")
emit(`{lsum}:\n`)
let totf = emit_bind("load i32, ptr %failed")
let passed = emit_bind(`sub i32 {ran}, {totf}`)
emit(` call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @.fmt_test_sum, i32 {passed}, i32 {totf})\n`)
let allok = emit_bind(`icmp eq i32 {totf}, 0`)
let rc = emit_bind(`select i1 {allok}, i32 0, i32 1`)
emit(` ret i32 {rc}\n}\n`)
}
# two `function`s with one name would collide in the object file; say so in
# source terms (and name both files) instead of leaving it to the IR assembler.
function check_duplicate_fns() -> void {
let k = new []pointer # by name, in a table: a pair of loops was quadratic
let v = new []Node
ck_tab_init(k, v)
var i = 0
while i < len(prog) {
let d = prog[i]
if d.kind == N_FN {
let first = ck_tab_get(k, v, d.s)
if first != null {
g_err_file = d.file; g_err_line = d.line
perr(`function '{d.s}' is defined twice (first in {first.file}:{itoa(first.line)})`)
}
ck_tab_put(k, v, d.s, d)
}
i += 1
}
}
# the program's own globals and types, each name once: the first definition used to win
# silently, and a game read an arrow key as a binding slot's number for months because two files
# both said KEY_LEFT. Declarations spliced in from the runtime are the runtime's business.
function decl_group(k: int) -> int {
if k == N_VAR or k == N_CONST or k == N_ENUM { return 1 }
if k == N_STRUCT or k == N_COMP or k == N_EVENT { return 2 }
return 0
}
# when one of the two is a package's export: say so, and what to do - exported names are one
# namespace, and a module's private one of the same spelling would not clash
function dup_whose(first: Node, d: Node) -> pointer {
var pk = pkg_of_file(first.file)
if pk == "" { pk = pkg_of_file(d.file) }
if pk == "" { return "" }
if not (pkg_of_file(first.file) == "") and not (pkg_of_file(d.file) == "") { return "" }
return `: {pk} exports it, and exported names are one namespace - rename this one, or declare it without export inside a module of your own`
}
function check_duplicate_decls() -> void {
let k = new []pointer
let v = new []Node
ck_tab_init(k, v)
let n = g_prog_user_end
var i = 0
while i < n and i < len(prog) {
let d = prog[i]
let g = decl_group(d.kind)
if g > 0 {
let key = `{itoa(g)}:{d.s}`
let first = ck_tab_get(k, v, key)
if first != null {
g_err_file = d.file
g_err_line = d.line
perr(`'{d.s}' is defined twice (first in {first.file}:{itoa(first.line)}){dup_whose(first, d)}`)
}
ck_tab_put(k, v, key, d)
}
i += 1
}
}
function emit_program() -> void {
check_duplicate_fns()
check_duplicate_decls()
ix_start() # the lookups by name, as tables from here on
head = buf_new()
code = buf_new()
g_uses_str = false
g_uses_intstr = false
g_uses_fpstr = false
g_fp_decls = new []pointer
g_prevals = new []Val
g_uses_strslice = false
g_uses_loopback = false
g_uses_expect = false
g_uses_panic = false
g_fprintf_declared = false
g_uses_result = false
g_uses_option = false
g_uses_quit = false
g_uses_world_despawn = false # #84: set when a world_despawn call is emitted (below)
g_cov_lines = new []int
g_cov_active = true
loc_name = new []pointer; loc_reg = new []pointer; loc_ty = new []pointer; loc_mut = new []int
brk_lbl = new []pointer; cnt_lbl = new []pointer
self_stk = new []pointer
mach_stk = new []Node
emit_header()
emit_extern_decls()
if has_ecs() { emit_ecs_storage() }
var i = 0
while i < len(prog) {
if prog[i].kind == N_FN {
g_cov_active = (i < g_prog_user_end) # don't instrument spliced runtime functions
emit_fn(prog[i])
g_cov_active = true
}
i += 1
}
emit_global_init_fn() # @L_init_globals: the non-constant `var` initializers
if len(g_events) > 0 { emit_event_fns() } # EV0: @ev_<E> event-dispatch functions
if has_ecs() { emit_world_table() } # EV2/EV8: the mod reflection ABI (powers Query.* / Reflect.* / engine systems, and lets a binary module (#64) link against a shared world). Unused defs dead-strip at -O2, so a game that touches none is output-identical.
if has_ecs() { emit_ecs_allocator(); emit_snapshot() }
if has_ecs() { emit_net() } # N2/N3: @Sync serializers + @Owned storage (gated internally)
if has_ui() { emit_ui_build() }
if len(g_tests) > 0 { # a test file: synth a runner @main
if has_systems() { emit_game_defs() }
emit_test_runner()
}
else { if has_systems() and has_entry() { # N5: game owns its loop via `entry`
emit_game_defs() # system fns, hooks, tick helpers
i = 0
while i < len(prog) { if prog[i].kind == N_MAIN { emit_main(prog[i]) }; i += 1 }
}
else { if has_systems() { emit_game_main() } # the auto frame loop
else {
i = 0
while i < len(prog) { if prog[i].kind == N_MAIN { emit_main(prog[i]) }; i += 1 }
} } }
# quit() in a program with no frame loop (a package's code in a test program): the flag it sets
if g_uses_quit and not has_ecs() { emith("@L_running = internal global i32 1\n") }
if g_uses_world_despawn { emit_world_despawn_fn() } # #84: @fn_world_despawn, after all World.despawn / esys_bounds-kill uses are seen
if g_uses_loopback { emit_loopback() } # built-in transport, after all net_send/net_poll uses are seen
if g_uses_str { emit_str_prelude() } # @lp_str_eq / @lp_str_concat, after all uses are seen
if g_uses_intstr { emit_int_str() }
if g_uses_fpstr { emit_fp_str_fn() } # @lp_int_str, for string(int) in interpolation
if g_uses_longstr { emit_long_str() } # @lp_long_str, for string(long) / long interpolation
if g_uses_strslice { emit_str_slice() } # @lp_str_slice, for s[a..b]
if g_uses_mathrt { emit_math_prelude() } # @lp_fx_sqrt / @lp_fx_sin + the sine table
if g_uses_textrt { emit_text_prelude() } # @lp_str_upper/lower/trim/repeat/pad builders
if g_uses_textrt2 { emit_text2_prelude() } # @lp_str_replace/join/split builders
if g_uses_hashrt { emit_hash_prelude() } # @lp_hash_fnv1a / @lp_hash_crc32 byte hashers
if g_uses_cryptort { emit_crypto_prelude() } # @lp_sha256_hex / @lp_hmac_sha256_hex + constant-time compare + CSPRNG
if g_uses_uuidrt { emit_uuid_prelude() } # @lp_uuid_v4 / @lp_uuid_v7 / parse / equals (over the crypto CSPRNG)
if g_uses_noisert { emit_noise_prelude() } # @lp_noise_value2/perlin2/simplex2/fbm2/cellular2 (Q16.16)
if g_uses_logrt { emit_log_prelude() } # @L_log_level + @lp_log_emit (levelled stderr sink)
if g_uses_osrt { emit_os_prelude() } # @lp_os_args/platform/arch/save_dir/... (libc env + uname)
if g_uses_pid and (not g_target_win) { emith("declare i32 @getpid()\n") }
if g_uses_unicodert { emit_unicode_prelude() } # @lp_uni_len/valid/decode/case/truncate/grapheme (UTF-8)
if g_uses_fsrt { emit_fs_prelude() } # @fn_fs_*/fn_path_*/fn_mime_* (libc + string ops)
if g_uses_pak { emit_pak_prelude() } # @lp_pak_* asset packs + the pre-main mount ctor
if g_uses_datert { emit_datetime_prelude() } # @lp_days_from_civil / @lp_civil_from_days conversions
if g_uses_panic { # panic/assert: located abort to stderr
emith("declare i32 @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)\n")
g_fprintf_declared = true
emith("@.fmt_panic = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c\"%s%s\\0A\\00\"\n")
}
if g_uses_bounds { # a slice index out of range: located abort
if not g_fprintf_declared { emith("declare i32 @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)\n"); g_fprintf_declared = true }
emith("@.fmt_bounds = private unnamed_addr constant [14 x i8] c\"%s%d, len %d\\0A\\00\"\n")
}
if g_uses_result { emith("%Result = type { i32, i32, ptr }\n") } # issue #46: ok/err/try value
if g_uses_option { emith("%Option = type { i32, i32 }\n") } # issue #53: some/none value
emit_cov_runtime() # issue #45: --coverage tables + exit dump
if g_emit_module { emit_module_glue() } # issue #64: binary-module host-ABI declares + load-time registration ctor
}
# issue #45: the line-coverage runtime. Emits the static line table, a parallel
# hit-counter array, and @cov_dump — a function registered with atexit (via an
# LLVM global constructor) that writes `<line> <hits>` rows to the file named by
# $LUDIC_COVERAGE (default "ludic.cov"). All gated behind --coverage, so a normal
# build emits none of this and stays byte-identical.
function emit_cov_runtime() -> void {
if not g_coverage { return }
let n = len(g_cov_lines)
if n == 0 { return }
let sn = itoa(n)
# the line table + zeroed hit counters (module globals)
emith("@L_cov_lines = internal global ["); emith(sn); emith(" x i32] [")
var i = 0
while i < n {
if i > 0 { emith(", ") }
emith("i32 "); emith(itoa(g_cov_lines[i]))
i += 1
}
emith("]\n")
emith("@L_cov_hits = internal global ["); emith(sn); emith(" x i32] zeroinitializer\n")
emith(`@L_cov_n = internal global i32 {sn}\n`)
# the source name, the env-var name, the default path, fopen mode, and row format
let fnc = emit_str_const(g_src_name)
let envc = emit_str_const("LUDIC_COVERAGE")
let defc = emit_str_const("ludic.cov")
let modec = emit_str_const("w")
emith("@.cov_filefmt = private unnamed_addr constant [9 x i8] c\"FILE %s\\0A\\00\"\n")
emith("@.cov_rowfmt = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c\"%d %d\\0A\\00\"\n")
if not g_fprintf_declared { emith("declare i32 @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)\n"); g_fprintf_declared = true }
emith("declare i32 @atexit(ptr)\n")
# @cov_dump: open $LUDIC_COVERAGE (or "ludic.cov"), write a FILE header then one
# `<line> <hits>` row per instrumented line, and close.
emit("define void @cov_dump() {\nentry:\n")
emit(` %env = call ptr @getenv(ptr {envc})\n`)
emit(" %noenv = icmp eq ptr %env, null\n")
emit(` %path = select i1 %noenv, ptr {defc}, ptr %env\n`)
emit(` %f = call ptr @fopen(ptr %path, ptr {modec})\n`)
emit(" %bad = icmp eq ptr %f, null\n")
emit(" br i1 %bad, label %done, label %write\n")
emit("write:\n")
emit(` call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr %f, ptr @.cov_filefmt, ptr {fnc})\n`)
emit(" br label %loop\n")
emit("loop:\n")
emit(" %i = phi i32 [ 0, %write ], [ %i1, %body ]\n")
emit(` %go = icmp slt i32 %i, {sn}\n`)
emit(" br i1 %go, label %body, label %close\n")
emit("body:\n")
emit(" %lp = getelementptr inbounds ["); emit(sn); emit(" x i32], ptr @L_cov_lines, i32 0, i32 %i\n")
emit(" %lv = load i32, ptr %lp\n")
emit(" %hp = getelementptr inbounds ["); emit(sn); emit(" x i32], ptr @L_cov_hits, i32 0, i32 %i\n")
emit(" %hv = load i32, ptr %hp\n")
emit(" call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr %f, ptr @.cov_rowfmt, i32 %lv, i32 %hv)\n")
emit(" %i1 = add i32 %i, 1\n")
emit(" br label %loop\n")
emit("close:\n")
emit(" %rc = call i32 @fclose(ptr %f)\n")
emit(" br label %done\n")
emit("done:\n ret void\n}\n\n")
# register @cov_dump with atexit before main runs (an LLVM global constructor).
emit("define void @cov_init() {\nentry:\n")
emit(" %r = call i32 @atexit(ptr @cov_dump)\n")
emit(" ret void\n}\n\n")
emith("@llvm.global_ctors = appending global [1 x { i32, ptr, ptr }] [{ i32, ptr, ptr } { i32 65535, ptr @cov_init, ptr null }]\n")
}
# Flush the emitted IR. With a null path it goes to stdout (the pipe the shell
# drivers read); with a path it is written to that file so ludicc can hand it to
# clang itself.
function ir_flush(path: pointer) -> bool {
let h = native_ir_lines() + buf_str(head)
let c = buf_str(code)
if (path == null) { # raw IR to stdout (no trailing newline)
let out = file_stdout()
file_write(out, h, len(h))
file_write(out, c, len(c))
return true
}
let f = file_open(path, "wb")
if (f == null) { return false }
file_write(f, h, len(h))
file_write(f, c, len(c))
file_close(f)
return true
}
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