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ludic/examples/rendering/vk_triangle.ludic
Orkuncakilkaya b0b0b62bce feat(lang): L7 memory is safe unless it says unsafe 
The typed buffers are slices: words/floats/fixeds/doubles/pointers(n) make
zeroed, bounds-checked []int/[]float/... and the type names mean them. buffer(n)
is a []byte, with text_of, Fs.read_bytes/write_bytes and view(xs, start, n).
bytes(), indexing a raw pointer or bytes, free, resize, Memory.*, raw file calls,
data_of and C externs are refused outside unsafe { } / unsafe function, and a
project's own files may write unsafe only with --unsafe; the runtime and packages
are the platform. A slice passed to an extern goes as its data.

What the change found: Sync's atomics on a slice header, words(n) uninitialised,
input's fixed axes in ints, truetype's fixed outlines as ints, skin matrices
typed int, gl_shader's source table made from raw bytes. render3d gets safe
entry points (safe_api.ludic). Rendering is byte-identical; a frame costs the same.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-24 12:53:27 +03:00

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# vk_triangle.ludic — the graphics half of what vk_compute proved: a Slang vertex and
# fragment shader (vk_triangle.slang) draw a triangle into an image with dynamic rendering,
# the image is copied to a host-visible buffer and written as a PPM. No window, so it runs
# headless over SSH and under the validation layer.
#
# This is the path the Vulkan renderer's passes take: an image and its view, a graphics
# pipeline built for a colour format rather than a render pass, image barriers for the
# layouts, vkCmdBeginRendering, a draw, and a read-back for screenshots.
# slangc examples/rendering/vk_triangle.slang -target spirv -profile spirv_1_5
# -entry vsMain -stage vertex -o build/vk_triangle_vs.spv
# slangc examples/rendering/vk_triangle.slang -target spirv -profile spirv_1_5
# -entry fsMain -stage fragment -o build/vk_triangle_fs.spv
# bin/ludicc examples/rendering/vk_triangle.ludic --headless (Vk.* links the Vulkan runtime)
# macOS: VULKAN_SDK set to the SDK's macOS directory, VK_DRIVER_FILES to MoltenVK's ICD json
program VkTriangle {
property Marker { on: int = 1 }
model Anchor { Marker }
const W: int = 320
const H: int = 240
const FMT: int = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM
unsafe function fail(what: string, r: int) -> void { print(`vulkan: {what} failed, VkResult {r}`); quit() }
unsafe function handle(out: bytes) -> long { return vk_get_i64(out, 0) }
unsafe function has_ext(props: bytes, n: int, want: string) -> bool {
for i in 0 .. n {
if string(vk_at(props, i * VkExtensionProperties_sizeof + VkExtensionProperties_extensionName)) == want { return true }
}
return false
}
var spv_len: int = 0
unsafe function read_all(path: string) -> bytes {
let f = file_open(path, "rb")
if f == null { return null }
file_seek(f, 0, 2)
let n = file_tell(f)
file_seek(f, 0, 0)
let b = bytes(n + 4)
file_read(f, b, n)
file_close(f)
spv_len = n
return b
}
# the first memory type the resource allows that has every property wanted
unsafe function mem_type(mp: bytes, allowed: int, want: int) -> int {
for t in 0 .. vk_get_i32(mp, VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties_memoryTypeCount) {
let pf = vk_get_i32(mp, VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties_memoryTypes + t * VkMemoryType_sizeof + VkMemoryType_propertyFlags)
if ((allowed >> t) & 1) == 1 and (pf & want) == want { return t }
}
return -1
}
# one colour image, one mip, one layer
unsafe function color_range(at: bytes, off: int) -> void {
vk_put_i32(at, off + VkImageSubresourceRange_aspectMask, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT)
vk_put_i32(at, off + VkImageSubresourceRange_baseMipLevel, 0)
vk_put_i32(at, off + VkImageSubresourceRange_levelCount, 1)
vk_put_i32(at, off + VkImageSubresourceRange_baseArrayLayer, 0)
vk_put_i32(at, off + VkImageSubresourceRange_layerCount, 1)
}
unsafe function barrier(cb: pointer, image: long, old_layout: int, new_layout: int, src_access: int, dst_access: int, src_stage: int, dst_stage: int) -> void {
let b = bytes(VkImageMemoryBarrier_sizeof)
vk_zero(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER)
vk_put_i32(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_srcAccessMask, src_access)
vk_put_i32(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_dstAccessMask, dst_access)
vk_put_i32(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_oldLayout, old_layout)
vk_put_i32(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_newLayout, new_layout)
vk_put_i32(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_srcQueueFamilyIndex, VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED)
vk_put_i32(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_dstQueueFamilyIndex, VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED)
vk_put_i64(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_image, image)
color_range(b, VkImageMemoryBarrier_subresourceRange)
vk_cmd_pipeline_barrier(cb, src_stage, dst_stage, 0, 0, null, 0, null, 1, b)
}
unsafe function shader_module(dev: pointer, path: string) -> long {
let spv = read_all(path)
if spv == null { print(`vulkan: no SPIR-V at {path} (compile vk_triangle.slang with slangc)`); quit() }
let smci = bytes(VkShaderModuleCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(smci, VkShaderModuleCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(smci, VkShaderModuleCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO)
let code_size: long = spv_len
vk_put_i64(smci, VkShaderModuleCreateInfo_codeSize, code_size)
vk_put_ptr(smci, VkShaderModuleCreateInfo_pCode, spv)
let out = bytes(8)
let r = vk_create_shader_module(dev, smci, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateShaderModule", r) }
return handle(out)
}
handler Boot phase Start {
spawn Anchor {}
var vs_path = "build/vk_triangle_vs.spv"
var fs_path = "build/vk_triangle_fs.spv"
if Os.has_env("VKT_VS") { vs_path = Os.env("VKT_VS") }
if Os.has_env("VKT_FS") { fs_path = Os.env("VKT_FS") }
if Vk.open() == 0 { print("vulkan: no loader"); quit() }
# ---- instance: Vulkan 1.3 (dynamic rendering is core), portability enumeration where offered
let cnt = bytes(4)
vk_put_i32(cnt, 0, 0)
vk_enumerate_instance_extension_properties(null, cnt, null)
let nie = vk_get_i32(cnt, 0)
let iexts = bytes(nie * VkExtensionProperties_sizeof + 8)
vk_enumerate_instance_extension_properties(null, cnt, iexts)
let portability = has_ext(iexts, nie, VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION_NAME)
let app = bytes(VkApplicationInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(app, VkApplicationInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(app, VkApplicationInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO)
vk_put_ptr(app, VkApplicationInfo_pApplicationName, "vk_triangle")
vk_put_i32(app, VkApplicationInfo_apiVersion, (1 << 22) | (3 << 12))
let iext_names = bytes(8)
let ici = bytes(VkInstanceCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(ici, VkInstanceCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(ici, VkInstanceCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_ptr(ici, VkInstanceCreateInfo_pApplicationInfo, app)
if portability {
vk_put_ptr(iext_names, 0, VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION_NAME)
vk_put_i32(ici, VkInstanceCreateInfo_flags, VK_INSTANCE_CREATE_ENUMERATE_PORTABILITY_BIT_KHR)
vk_put_i32(ici, VkInstanceCreateInfo_enabledExtensionCount, 1)
vk_put_ptr(ici, VkInstanceCreateInfo_ppEnabledExtensionNames, iext_names)
}
let out = bytes(8)
var r = vk_create_instance(ici, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateInstance", r) }
let inst = vk_get_ptr(out, 0)
# ---- the first device, its first queue family that draws
vk_put_i32(cnt, 0, 1)
let devs = bytes(8)
vk_enumerate_physical_devices(inst, cnt, devs)
let pd = vk_get_ptr(devs, 0)
let props = bytes(VkPhysicalDeviceProperties_sizeof)
vk_get_physical_device_properties(pd, props)
print(`vulkan: {string(vk_at(props, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties_deviceName))}`)
vk_put_i32(cnt, 0, 0)
vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties(pd, cnt, null)
let nq = vk_get_i32(cnt, 0)
let qprops = bytes(nq * VkQueueFamilyProperties_sizeof + 8)
vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties(pd, cnt, qprops)
var family = -1
for q in 0 .. nq {
let flags = vk_get_i32(qprops, q * VkQueueFamilyProperties_sizeof + VkQueueFamilyProperties_queueFlags)
if family < 0 and (flags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) != 0 { family = q }
}
if family < 0 { print("vulkan: no graphics queue"); quit() }
vk_put_i32(cnt, 0, 0)
vk_enumerate_device_extension_properties(pd, null, cnt, null)
let nde = vk_get_i32(cnt, 0)
let dexts = bytes(nde * VkExtensionProperties_sizeof + 8)
vk_enumerate_device_extension_properties(pd, null, cnt, dexts)
let prio = bytes(4)
vk_put_i32(prio, 0, 0x3F800000)
let qci = bytes(VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(qci, VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(qci, VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(qci, VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo_queueFamilyIndex, family)
vk_put_i32(qci, VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo_queueCount, 1)
vk_put_ptr(qci, VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo_pQueuePriorities, prio)
# dynamic rendering is a 1.3 feature, and a feature is off until it is asked for
let f13 = bytes(VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_sizeof)
vk_zero(f13, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(f13, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES)
vk_put_i32(f13, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features_dynamicRendering, 1)
let dext_names = bytes(8)
let dci = bytes(VkDeviceCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(dci, VkDeviceCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(dci, VkDeviceCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_ptr(dci, VkDeviceCreateInfo_pNext, f13)
vk_put_i32(dci, VkDeviceCreateInfo_queueCreateInfoCount, 1)
vk_put_ptr(dci, VkDeviceCreateInfo_pQueueCreateInfos, qci)
if has_ext(dexts, nde, "VK_KHR_portability_subset") {
vk_put_ptr(dext_names, 0, "VK_KHR_portability_subset")
vk_put_i32(dci, VkDeviceCreateInfo_enabledExtensionCount, 1)
vk_put_ptr(dci, VkDeviceCreateInfo_ppEnabledExtensionNames, dext_names)
}
r = vk_create_device(pd, dci, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateDevice", r) }
let dev = vk_get_ptr(out, 0)
vk_get_device_queue(dev, family, 0, out)
let queue = vk_get_ptr(out, 0)
let mp = bytes(VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties_sizeof)
vk_get_physical_device_memory_properties(pd, mp)
let zero: long = 0
# ---- the colour image the triangle is drawn into, on device-local memory
let imci = bytes(VkImageCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_imageType, VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_format, FMT)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_extent + VkExtent3D_width, W)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_extent + VkExtent3D_height, H)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_extent + VkExtent3D_depth, 1)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_mipLevels, 1)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_arrayLayers, 1)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_samples, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_tiling, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_usage, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_sharingMode, VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE)
vk_put_i32(imci, VkImageCreateInfo_initialLayout, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED)
r = vk_create_image(dev, imci, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateImage", r) }
let image = handle(out)
let ireq = bytes(VkMemoryRequirements_sizeof)
vk_get_image_memory_requirements(dev, image, ireq)
var itype = mem_type(mp, vk_get_i32(ireq, VkMemoryRequirements_memoryTypeBits), VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT)
if itype < 0 { itype = mem_type(mp, vk_get_i32(ireq, VkMemoryRequirements_memoryTypeBits), 0) }
let imai = bytes(VkMemoryAllocateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(imai, VkMemoryAllocateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(imai, VkMemoryAllocateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO)
vk_put_i64(imai, VkMemoryAllocateInfo_allocationSize, vk_get_i64(ireq, VkMemoryRequirements_size))
vk_put_i32(imai, VkMemoryAllocateInfo_memoryTypeIndex, itype)
r = vk_allocate_memory(dev, imai, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkAllocateMemory (image)", r) }
let imem = handle(out)
r = vk_bind_image_memory(dev, image, imem, zero)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkBindImageMemory", r) }
let ivci = bytes(VkImageViewCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(ivci, VkImageViewCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(ivci, VkImageViewCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i64(ivci, VkImageViewCreateInfo_image, image)
vk_put_i32(ivci, VkImageViewCreateInfo_viewType, VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D)
vk_put_i32(ivci, VkImageViewCreateInfo_format, FMT)
color_range(ivci, VkImageViewCreateInfo_subresourceRange)
r = vk_create_image_view(dev, ivci, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateImageView", r) }
let view = handle(out)
# ---- the host-visible buffer the picture is copied into
let nbytes: long = W * H * 4
let bci = bytes(VkBufferCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(bci, VkBufferCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(bci, VkBufferCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i64(bci, VkBufferCreateInfo_size, nbytes)
vk_put_i32(bci, VkBufferCreateInfo_usage, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT)
vk_put_i32(bci, VkBufferCreateInfo_sharingMode, VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE)
r = vk_create_buffer(dev, bci, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateBuffer", r) }
let buf = handle(out)
let breq = bytes(VkMemoryRequirements_sizeof)
vk_get_buffer_memory_requirements(dev, buf, breq)
let btype = mem_type(mp, vk_get_i32(breq, VkMemoryRequirements_memoryTypeBits), VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT)
if btype < 0 { print("vulkan: no host-visible memory type"); quit() }
let bmai = bytes(VkMemoryAllocateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(bmai, VkMemoryAllocateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(bmai, VkMemoryAllocateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO)
vk_put_i64(bmai, VkMemoryAllocateInfo_allocationSize, vk_get_i64(breq, VkMemoryRequirements_size))
vk_put_i32(bmai, VkMemoryAllocateInfo_memoryTypeIndex, btype)
r = vk_allocate_memory(dev, bmai, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkAllocateMemory (buffer)", r) }
let bmem = handle(out)
r = vk_bind_buffer_memory(dev, buf, bmem, zero)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkBindBufferMemory", r) }
# ---- the pipeline: two stages, no vertex input, dynamic viewport and scissor, one colour format
let vs = shader_module(dev, vs_path)
let fs = shader_module(dev, fs_path)
let plci = bytes(VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(plci, VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(plci, VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO)
r = vk_create_pipeline_layout(dev, plci, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreatePipelineLayout", r) }
let layout = handle(out)
let ss = VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_sizeof
let stages = bytes(ss * 2)
vk_zero(stages, ss * 2)
vk_put_i32(stages, VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(stages, VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_stage, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT)
vk_put_i64(stages, VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_module, vs)
vk_put_ptr(stages, VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_pName, "main")
vk_put_i32(stages, ss + VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(stages, ss + VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_stage, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT)
vk_put_i64(stages, ss + VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_module, fs)
vk_put_ptr(stages, ss + VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo_pName, "main")
let vin = bytes(VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(vin, VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(vin, VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO)
let ias = bytes(VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(ias, VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(ias, VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(ias, VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo_topology, VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST)
let vps = bytes(VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(vps, VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(vps, VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(vps, VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo_viewportCount, 1)
vk_put_i32(vps, VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo_scissorCount, 1)
let rs = bytes(VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(rs, VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(rs, VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(rs, VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo_polygonMode, VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL)
vk_put_i32(rs, VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo_cullMode, VK_CULL_MODE_NONE)
vk_put_i32(rs, VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo_frontFace, VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE)
vk_put_i32(rs, VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo_lineWidth, 0x3F800000)
let ms = bytes(VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(ms, VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(ms, VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(ms, VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo_rasterizationSamples, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT)
let cba = bytes(VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState_sizeof)
vk_zero(cba, VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(cba, VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState_colorWriteMask,
VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT)
let cbs = bytes(VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(cbs, VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(cbs, VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(cbs, VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo_attachmentCount, 1)
vk_put_ptr(cbs, VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo_pAttachments, cba)
let dyn_states = bytes(8)
vk_put_i32(dyn_states, 0, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT)
vk_put_i32(dyn_states, 4, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR)
let dys = bytes(VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(dys, VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(dys, VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(dys, VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo_dynamicStateCount, 2)
vk_put_ptr(dys, VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo_pDynamicStates, dyn_states)
# no render pass object: the pipeline names the formats it renders to
let formats = bytes(4)
vk_put_i32(formats, 0, FMT)
let prci = bytes(VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(prci, VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(prci, VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RENDERING_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(prci, VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo_colorAttachmentCount, 1)
vk_put_ptr(prci, VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo_pColorAttachmentFormats, formats)
let gpci = bytes(VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pNext, prci)
vk_put_i32(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_stageCount, 2)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pStages, stages)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pVertexInputState, vin)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pInputAssemblyState, ias)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pViewportState, vps)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pRasterizationState, rs)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pMultisampleState, ms)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pColorBlendState, cbs)
vk_put_ptr(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_pDynamicState, dys)
vk_put_i64(gpci, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo_layout, layout)
r = vk_create_graphics_pipelines(dev, zero, 1, gpci, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateGraphicsPipelines", r) }
let pipeline = handle(out)
# ---- record: clear, draw, then copy the image out
let cpi = bytes(VkCommandPoolCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(cpi, VkCommandPoolCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(cpi, VkCommandPoolCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO)
vk_put_i32(cpi, VkCommandPoolCreateInfo_queueFamilyIndex, family)
r = vk_create_command_pool(dev, cpi, null, out)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateCommandPool", r) }
let cmd_pool = handle(out)
let cbai = bytes(VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(cbai, VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(cbai, VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO)
vk_put_i64(cbai, VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo_commandPool, cmd_pool)
vk_put_i32(cbai, VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo_level, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY)
vk_put_i32(cbai, VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo_commandBufferCount, 1)
let cmds = bytes(8)
r = vk_allocate_command_buffers(dev, cbai, cmds)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkAllocateCommandBuffers", r) }
let cb = vk_get_ptr(cmds, 0)
let cbbi = bytes(VkCommandBufferBeginInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(cbbi, VkCommandBufferBeginInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(cbbi, VkCommandBufferBeginInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO)
vk_put_i32(cbbi, VkCommandBufferBeginInfo_flags, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT)
r = vk_begin_command_buffer(cb, cbbi)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkBeginCommandBuffer", r) }
barrier(cb, image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
0, VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT)
let att = bytes(VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO)
vk_put_i64(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_imageView, view)
vk_put_i32(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_imageLayout, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL)
vk_put_i32(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_loadOp, VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR)
vk_put_i32(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_storeOp, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE)
# the clear colour, float bits: 0.08, 0.10, 0.14, 1.0
vk_put_i32(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_clearValue, 0x3DA3D70A)
vk_put_i32(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_clearValue + 4, 0x3DCCCCCD)
vk_put_i32(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_clearValue + 8, 0x3E0F5C29)
vk_put_i32(att, VkRenderingAttachmentInfo_clearValue + 12, 0x3F800000)
let ri = bytes(VkRenderingInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(ri, VkRenderingInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(ri, VkRenderingInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_INFO)
vk_put_i32(ri, VkRenderingInfo_renderArea + VkRect2D_extent + VkExtent2D_width, W)
vk_put_i32(ri, VkRenderingInfo_renderArea + VkRect2D_extent + VkExtent2D_height, H)
vk_put_i32(ri, VkRenderingInfo_layerCount, 1)
vk_put_i32(ri, VkRenderingInfo_colorAttachmentCount, 1)
vk_put_ptr(ri, VkRenderingInfo_pColorAttachments, att)
vk_cmd_begin_rendering(cb, ri)
vk_cmd_bind_pipeline(cb, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline)
let vp = bytes(VkViewport_sizeof)
vk_zero(vp, VkViewport_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(vp, VkViewport_width, 0x43A00000) # 320.0
vk_put_i32(vp, VkViewport_height, 0x43700000) # 240.0
vk_put_i32(vp, VkViewport_maxDepth, 0x3F800000)
vk_cmd_set_viewport(cb, 0, 1, vp)
let sc = bytes(VkRect2D_sizeof)
vk_zero(sc, VkRect2D_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(sc, VkRect2D_extent + VkExtent2D_width, W)
vk_put_i32(sc, VkRect2D_extent + VkExtent2D_height, H)
vk_cmd_set_scissor(cb, 0, 1, sc)
vk_cmd_draw(cb, 3, 1, 0, 0)
vk_cmd_end_rendering(cb)
barrier(cb, image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT)
let bic = bytes(VkBufferImageCopy_sizeof)
vk_zero(bic, VkBufferImageCopy_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(bic, VkBufferImageCopy_imageSubresource + VkImageSubresourceLayers_aspectMask, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT)
vk_put_i32(bic, VkBufferImageCopy_imageSubresource + VkImageSubresourceLayers_layerCount, 1)
vk_put_i32(bic, VkBufferImageCopy_imageExtent + VkExtent3D_width, W)
vk_put_i32(bic, VkBufferImageCopy_imageExtent + VkExtent3D_height, H)
vk_put_i32(bic, VkBufferImageCopy_imageExtent + VkExtent3D_depth, 1)
vk_cmd_copy_image_to_buffer(cb, image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, buf, 1, bic)
r = vk_end_command_buffer(cb)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkEndCommandBuffer", r) }
let fci = bytes(VkFenceCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(fci, VkFenceCreateInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(fci, VkFenceCreateInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO)
let fences = bytes(8)
r = vk_create_fence(dev, fci, null, fences)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkCreateFence", r) }
let si = bytes(VkSubmitInfo_sizeof)
vk_zero(si, VkSubmitInfo_sizeof)
vk_put_i32(si, VkSubmitInfo_sType, VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO)
vk_put_i32(si, VkSubmitInfo_commandBufferCount, 1)
vk_put_ptr(si, VkSubmitInfo_pCommandBuffers, cmds)
r = vk_queue_submit(queue, 1, si, vk_get_i64(fences, 0))
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkQueueSubmit", r) }
let forever: long = -1
r = vk_wait_for_fences(dev, 1, fences, 1, forever)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkWaitForFences", r) }
# ---- read the picture back; the corner must be the clear colour, the middle the triangle
let pp = bytes(8)
r = vk_map_memory(dev, bmem, zero, nbytes, 0, pp)
if r != VK_SUCCESS { fail("vkMapMemory", r) }
let px = vk_get_ptr(pp, 0)
var out_path = "build/vk_triangle.ppm"
if Os.has_env("VKT_OUT") { out_path = Os.env("VKT_OUT") }
let f = file_open(out_path, "wb")
let hdr = `P6\n{W} {H}\n255\n`
file_write(f, hdr, len(hdr))
let row = bytes(W * 3)
var covered = 0
for y in 0 .. H {
for x in 0 .. W {
let v = vk_get_i32(px, (y * W + x) * 4)
row[x * 3] = v & 255; row[x * 3 + 1] = (v >> 8) & 255; row[x * 3 + 2] = (v >> 16) & 255
if (v & 255) > 40 or ((v >> 8) & 255) > 60 { covered += 1 }
}
file_write(f, row, W * 3)
}
file_close(f)
let corner = vk_get_i32(px, (2 * W + 2) * 4)
let middle = vk_get_i32(px, ((H / 2 + 20) * W + W / 2) * 4)
vk_unmap_memory(dev, bmem)
print(`vulkan: corner {corner & 255},{(corner >> 8) & 255},{(corner >> 16) & 255} middle {middle & 255},{(middle >> 8) & 255},{(middle >> 16) & 255} covered {covered} of {W * H} -> {out_path}`)
let corner_clear = (corner & 255) >= 19 and (corner & 255) <= 22 and ((corner >> 16) & 255) >= 34 and ((corner >> 16) & 255) <= 37
let middle_drawn = (middle & 255) > 40 or ((middle >> 8) & 255) > 60
vk_destroy_fence(dev, vk_get_i64(fences, 0), null)
vk_destroy_command_pool(dev, cmd_pool, null)
vk_destroy_pipeline(dev, pipeline, null)
vk_destroy_pipeline_layout(dev, layout, null)
vk_destroy_shader_module(dev, vs, null)
vk_destroy_shader_module(dev, fs, null)
vk_destroy_buffer(dev, buf, null)
vk_free_memory(dev, bmem, null)
vk_destroy_image_view(dev, view, null)
vk_destroy_image(dev, image, null)
vk_free_memory(dev, imem, null)
vk_destroy_device(dev, null)
vk_destroy_instance(inst, null)
if corner_clear and middle_drawn { print("VKTRIANGLE OK") } else { print("VKTRIANGLE WRONG") }
quit()
}
}
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