ludic/selfhost/main.ludic

# main.ludic — the self-hosted Ludic front-end.
#
# ludicc lexes, parses, checks and lowers a .ludic file to LLVM IR, then drives
# clang (the IR assembler + system linker, the same role rustc/swiftc give it)
# to produce a native binary. No C is compiled: the emitted IR is Ludic's, and
# clang only assembles and links it.
#
#   ludicc app.ludic -o bin/app            # native binary (windowed if a game)
#   ludicc app.ludic -o bin/app --headless # force headless
#   ludicc app.ludic --emit-llvm -o app.ll # stop at the IR
#   ludicc app.ludic --run                 # compile to a temp binary and run it
#   ludicc app.ludic --target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc --emit-llvm -o app.ll
#                                          # IR for another platform
#
# This is the compiler, not the command line a user of the language meets: that
# is `ludic` (tools/ludic-cli), which drives this. With no -o and no --run, IR
# still goes to stdout — the contract `ludic-dev reseed` and `ludic dev
# bootstrap` rely on, so the bootstrap is untouched.
#
# The target is the host unless --target names another. Only its platform is
# read, and only to choose between two runtimes: macOS (libSystem, Cocoa) and
# Windows (the UCRT and Win32, emit_win.ludic). The IR carries no triple either
# way; clang assembles it for the machine it runs on.

# basename: the part of a path after the last separator.
function base_name(path: pointer) -> pointer {
  var last = -1
  var i = 0
  while path[i] != 0 { if is_sep(path[i]) { last = i };  i += 1 }
  return path[last + 1..i]
}

# drop a trailing ".ludic" if present
function strip_ludic(name: pointer) -> pointer {
  let n = len(name)
  if n > 6 {
    if (name[n - 6..n] == ".ludic") { return name[0..n - 6] }
  }
  return name
}

# env var with a fallback when unset
function getenv_or(name: pointer, dflt: pointer) -> pointer {
  let v = getenv(name)
  if (v == null) { return dflt }
  return v
}

# guarantee a directory string ends in '/' so join_path concatenates cleanly
function ensure_slash(d: pointer) -> pointer {
  let n = len(d)
  if n == 0 { return d }
  if d[n - 1] == '/' { return d }
  return d + "/"
}

function die(msg: pointer) -> void {
  file_write(file_stderr(), msg, len(msg))
  exit(1)
}

# strip trailing newline/carriage-return/space (the VERSION file's trailing \n)
function chomp(s: pointer) -> pointer {
  var n = len(s)
  while (n > 0) and ((s[n - 1] == '\n') or (s[n - 1] == '\r') or (s[n - 1] == ' ')) { n -= 1 }
  return s[0..n]
}

# does `s` contain `sub`?
function has_sub(s: pointer, sub: pointer) -> bool {
  let n = len(s);  let m = len(sub)
  var i = 0
  while i + m <= n {
    if s[i..i + m] == sub { return true }
    i += 1
  }
  return false
}

# ---- the host shell ------------------------------------------------------------
# run() is the C library's system(), which is /bin/sh on macOS and cmd.exe on
# Windows. The compiler asks the shell for three things only - make a directory,
# delete a file, run a program - and says each in the host's own words.

# a copy of `p` with every '/' as '\', for cmd.exe, which reads '/' as a switch
function win_path(p: pointer) -> pointer {
  let n = len(p)
  let out = bytes(n + 1)
  var i = 0
  while i < n { if p[i] == '/' { out[i] = 92 } else { out[i] = p[i] };  i += 1 }
  out[n] = 0
  return out
}

function make_dir(d: pointer) -> void {
  if host_is_windows() { let w = win_path(d);  run(`if not exist "{w}" mkdir "{w}"`) }
  else { run(`mkdir -p {d}`) }
}

function remove_file(p: pointer) -> void {
  if host_is_windows() { run(`del /f /q "{win_path(p)}" 2>nul`) }
  else { run(`rm -f {p}`) }
}

# the clang that assembles and links: $LUDIC_CC, else `clang` from $PATH - or, on a
# Windows host, the LLVM installer's own location when it is there, because that
# installer does not put clang on %PATH% unless asked to.
function find_cc() -> pointer {
  let env = getenv("LUDIC_CC")
  if (env != null) { return env }
  if host_is_windows() {
    let llvm = "C:/Program Files/LLVM/bin/clang.exe"
    let f = file_open(llvm, "rb")
    if (f != null) { file_close(f);  return `"{llvm}"` }
  }
  return "clang"
}

# print "ludic <version>" and exit. The version is read at runtime from the
# VERSION file at the install root (the single source of truth a release bumps),
# so a version change never requires reseeding the compiler.
function show_version() -> void {
  let v = read_file(join_path(ludic_home(), "VERSION"))
  if (v == null) { print("ludic (version unknown)") }
  else { print(`ludic {chomp(v)}`) }
  exit(0)
}

entry {
  var path = null
  var out  = null
  var want = 0            # 0 = auto, 1 = windowed, 2 = headless
  var emit_ir = false     # --emit-llvm: stop after writing IR
  var fmt = false         # --fmt: lex + parse only, then exit (the doc-check gate)
  var save = false        # --save-temps: keep the intermediate .ll
  var run = false         # compile then execute the result
  var target = null       # --target <triple>: null means the host
  var title = null        # --title <name>: game_title() - the window's first title - instead of the program name
  var gui = false         # --gui: a Windows GUI-subsystem program (no console behind the window)
  var links = new []pointer   # --link <file>: an extra input to the link (a compiled resource)
  g_coverage = false      # --coverage: instrument each statement with a per-line hit counter

  var ai = 1
  while ai < arg_count() {
    let a = arg(ai)
    if a == "--version" { show_version() }
    else if a == "--windowed" { want = 1 }
    else if a == "--headless" { want = 2 }
    else if a == "--emit-llvm" { emit_ir = true }
    else if a == "--unsafe" { g_unsafe_all = true }      # L7: this program's own files may write `unsafe`
    else if a == "--emit-module" { g_emit_module = true;  emit_ir = true }   # issue #64: prebuilt binary module IR
    else if a == "--fmt" { fmt = true }
    else if a == "--save-temps" { save = true }
    else if a == "--run" { run = true }
    else if a == "--coverage" { g_coverage = true }
    else if a == "--target" { ai += 1;  if ai < arg_count() { target = arg(ai) } }
    else if a == "--gui" { gui = true }
    else if a == "--title" { ai += 1;  if ai < arg_count() { title = arg(ai) } }
    else if a == "--link" { ai += 1;  if ai < arg_count() { push(links, arg(ai)) } }
    else if a == "-o" { ai += 1;  if ai < arg_count() { out = arg(ai) } }
    else if a[0] == '-' {
      # an unknown flag is ignored (with a note) rather than mistaken for the input file
      let m = `ludicc: ignoring unknown flag {a}\n`
      file_write(file_stderr(), m, len(m))
    }
    else { path = a }
    ai += 1
  }

  if (path == null) {
    die("usage: ludicc <file.ludic> [-o out] [--windowed|--headless] [--target triple] [--emit-llvm] [--save-temps]\n")
  }
  if (target != null) { g_target_win = has_sub(target, "windows") }
  else { g_target_win = host_is_windows() }

  let src = read_file(path)
  if (src == null) { die("ludicc: cannot open input\n") }

  cur_dir = dir_of(path)
  g_src_name = base_name(path)                    # for panic/expect file:line messages
  g_parse_file = path                             # for the compiler's own file:line diagnostics
  lex(src)
  parse_program()
  g_prog_user_end = len(prog)
  # `ludic build` passes the package's `app name`, so the window opens under the name the
  # player knows rather than the `program` name and is not retitled a moment later
  if (title != null) and (len(title) > 0) { g_game_name = title }                     # decls from the user's source; runtime splice appends after

  # --fmt is the doc-check gate: reaching here means it lexed and parsed. A parse
  # error would already have exited nonzero, so a clean parse exits 0. (Canonical
  # formatting output is not yet reimplemented on the self-hosted toolchain.)
  if fmt { exit(0) }

  maybe_splice_runtime()
  ui_register_gotos()                             # `goto:` buttons -> generated UiClicked listeners

  # a game gets a window by default; a plain program stays headless. An explicit
  # flag always wins. The stdout-IR path (no target) also stays headless, which
  # is what `ludic-dev reseed` compiles the compiler itself with.
  let has_target = run or (out != null)
  if want == 1 { g_windowed = true }
  else if want == 2 { g_windowed = false }
  else { g_windowed = has_target and has_systems() }

  g_parsing = false                               # lowering errors now locate by statement, not token
  check_duplicate_fns()                           # two declarations of one name: the cause, before its symptoms
  check_duplicate_decls()
  check_program()                                 # L4: the types agree before anything is emitted
  emit_program()

  # --emit-llvm, or no binary target: emit IR and stop (stdout when out is null).
  if emit_ir { ir_flush(out);  return }
  if not has_target { ir_flush(null);  return }


  # a run with no explicit -o lands in a temp file
  if run and (out == null) {
    if host_is_windows() { out = `{fwd_slashes(getenv_or("TEMP", "."))}/ludic-run-{strip_ludic(base_name(path))}` }
    else { out = `/tmp/ludic-run-{strip_ludic(base_name(path))}` }
  }
  # a Windows program is found and run by its extension
  if g_target_win {
    let n = len(out)
    var has_exe = false
    if n >= 4 { has_exe = (out[n - 4..n] == ".exe") }
    if not has_exe { out = out + ".exe" }
  }

  # make the output directory if the user asked for e.g. bin/app
  let odir = dir_of(out)
  if len(odir) > 0 { make_dir(odir) }

  let ll = `{out}.ll`
  if not ir_flush(ll) { die("ludicc: cannot write IR\n") }

  let cc   = find_cc()
  let home = ludic_home()

  # clang twice: assemble the IR, then link. A windowed build adds the macOS
  # platform layer and the Cocoa framework.
  # -Wno-override-module: the emitted IR carries no target triple, so clang
  # substitutes the host's and warns about it on every single build. There is
  # nothing to act on — the host default is exactly what we want — so it is off.
  var cmd = `{cc} -O2 -Wno-override-module {ll}`
  if g_target_win {
    # The Windows window: win32.ll (user32, gdi32 for the software present, xinput
    # for pads), and audio_win.ll when the program uses Audio.*, as on macOS.
    if g_windowed {
      let win32 = join_path(home, "runtime/native/win32.ll")
      # xinput.lib carries an import named DllMain, which lld skips with a warning on every
      # link; it is the SDK's, not a mistake in the program, so it is silenced
      # ole32 for WIC, which decodes the splash and the window icon
      cmd = `{cmd} {win32} -luser32 -lgdi32 -lxinput -lole32 -Wl,/ignore:importeddllmain`
      if g_uses_audio {
        let audiow = join_path(home, "runtime/native/audio_win.ll")
        cmd = `{cmd} {audiow} -lxaudio2 -lole32`
      }
    }
  }
  else { if g_windowed {
    let cocoa = join_path(home, "runtime/native/cocoa.ll")
    # GameController holds no symbol cocoa.ll references directly (its classes are
    # reached by name through objc_getClass), so a plain -framework link gets
    # dead-stripped; -needed_framework forces the load command so the class is
    # registered and #51's gamepad polling can see it.
    cmd = `{cmd} {cocoa} -framework Cocoa -Wl,-needed_framework,GameController -Wl,-rpath,@loader_path`
    # Audio.* (#22) pulls in the AVAudioPlayer backend and AVFoundation, but only
    # when the program actually uses it — the snd_* calls are is_windowed()-guarded
    # yet still live in a windowed build, so the backend must link.
    if g_uses_audio {
      let audio = join_path(home, "runtime/native/audio.ll")
      cmd = `{cmd} {audio} -Wl,-needed_framework,AVFoundation`
    }
  } }
  # Http.* (#6) links the native transport and Foundation (NSURLConnection etc.,
  # reached by name). Works headless too, so it is outside the windowed block —
  # macOS-only for now, which is where the toolchain runs.
  # On Windows the transport is http_win.ll, over WinHTTP.
  # Job.* / Promise.* / Sync.* link the OS threads behind Job.parallel_for and Sync.*:
  # threads.ll (pthreads) or threads_win.ll (Win32).
  if g_uses_jobs {
    if g_target_win { cmd = `{cmd} {join_path(home, "runtime/native/threads_win.ll")}` }
    else { cmd = `{cmd} {join_path(home, "runtime/native/threads.ll")}` }
  }
  # Udp.* links the socket layer: BSD sockets from libSystem on macOS, Winsock (ws2_32) on
  # Windows.
  if g_uses_udp {
    if g_target_win { cmd = `{cmd} {join_path(home, "runtime/native/udp_win.ll")} -lws2_32` }
    else { cmd = `{cmd} {join_path(home, "runtime/native/udp.ll")}` }
  }
  # Process.* links the child-process layer: posix_spawn from libSystem on macOS,
  # CreateProcessW from kernel32 on Windows.
  # Crypto.random_* / Uuid.* read RtlGenRandom on Windows, which advapi32 exports
  if g_target_win and g_uses_cryptort { cmd = `{cmd} -ladvapi32` }
  if g_uses_process {
    if g_target_win { cmd = `{cmd} {join_path(home, "runtime/native/process_win.ll")}` }
    else { cmd = `{cmd} {join_path(home, "runtime/native/process.ll")}` }
  }
  if g_uses_http {
    if g_target_win {
      let httpw = join_path(home, "runtime/native/http_win.ll")
      cmd = `{cmd} {httpw} -lwinhttp`
    } else {
      let http = join_path(home, "runtime/native/http.ll")
      cmd = `{cmd} {http} -Wl,-needed_framework,Foundation`
    }
  }
  # Gl.* links the OpenGL backend: gl.ll (offscreen contexts, float helpers), the
  # generated per-entry-point ABI thunks, and OpenGL.framework. Windowed or not.
  # On Windows the same pair is gl_win.ll (a WGL context) and gl_thunks_win.ll (the
  # thunks through a table wglGetProcAddress fills), against opengl32/gdi32/user32,
  # with the window half from win32_gl.ll - or, headless, gl_win_nowin.ll's stubs.
  if g_uses_gl {
    if g_target_win {
      let glw = join_path(home, "runtime/native/gl_win.ll")
      let gltw = join_path(home, "runtime/native/gl_thunks_win.ll")
      var glhalf = join_path(home, "runtime/native/gl_win_nowin.ll")
      if g_windowed { glhalf = join_path(home, "runtime/native/win32_gl.ll") }
      cmd = `{cmd} {glw} {gltw} {glhalf} -luser32 -lgdi32 -lopengl32`
    } else {
      let gl = join_path(home, "runtime/native/gl.ll")
      let glt = join_path(home, "runtime/native/gl_thunks.ll")
      cmd = `{cmd} {gl} {glt} -framework OpenGL`
    }
  }
  # Vk.* links the generated thunks and the loader that fills them at run time:
  # vk_win.ll (vulkan-1.dll) on Windows, vk_mac.ll (libvulkan.1.dylib, MoltenVK) on
  # macOS. Neither links a Vulkan library, so the program starts without one.
  if g_uses_vk {
    let vkt = join_path(home, "runtime/native/vk_thunks.ll")
    var vkl = join_path(home, "runtime/native/vk_mac.ll")
    if g_target_win { vkl = join_path(home, "runtime/native/vk_win.ll") }
    cmd = `{cmd} {vkt} {vkl}`
  }
  # A shipped Windows game is a GUI-subsystem program: started from Explorer, a
  # console-subsystem one opens a console window behind the game. mainCRTStartup keeps
  # the C runtime's ordinary main() entry rather than WinMain.
  if g_target_win and gui { cmd = `{cmd} -Wl,/subsystem:windows -Wl,/entry:mainCRTStartup` }
  var li = 0
  while li < len(links) { cmd = `{cmd} "{links[li]}"`;  li += 1 }
  cmd = `{cmd} -o {out}`

  # cmd.exe takes the first and last quote off a line that starts with one and holds more
  # than two - which a quoted clang path plus a quoted --link file is - so on Windows the
  # whole line wears one more pair for it to remove
  var line = cmd
  if host_is_windows() { line = `"{cmd}"` }
  let rc = run(line)
  if not save { remove_file(ll) }
  if rc != 0 { die("ludicc: link failed\n") }

  # run mode: execute the binary we just built and forward its exit code.
  # system() hands back a wait status on POSIX and the exit code itself on Windows.
  if run {
    if host_is_windows() { exit(run(`"{win_path(out)}"`)) }
    let st = run(out)
    exit(((st >> 8) & 255))
  }
}