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ludic/packages/ludic.render3d/actor.ludic
Orkuncakilkaya cc89fc37a4 feat(lang): strict numbers in float files; render3d on float 
A numbers float file adapts decimal literals to a fixed operand or slot, and refuses to
promote a computed int to a float implicitly: there it is almost always float bits. Explicit
float(x) is always allowed.

render3d's numbers are float, converted by tools/migrate/floatbits.py - a whole-program
inference of which ints carried IEEE bits (union-find over flows, calls, returns, buffers,
nested buffers and lexical scopes) and a rewriter to operators, Math.* and float literals,
with float_bits / float_from_bits left only where bits really cross (runtime scratch
buffers, mixed buffers). Seed regenerated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-23 17:13:25 +03:00

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# ============================================================================
# actor.ludic — a model placed once and moved every frame (a character, a prop
# that animates): the counterpart of a scatter Layer for the handful of things
# that are not instanced. Skinned models pose through their Skin (skin.ludic);
# rigid ones take the same path with u_skinned = 0. The game draws them from
# scene_draw / scene_draw_casters through actor_draw / actor_draw_casters.
#
# Uniform locations are looked up once per program (glGetUniformLocation by
# name is slow on this driver, and a hundred actors over five cascades made it
# the frame's biggest CPU cost); the scene's lighting is bound once per program
# per pass, and actors outside the view or beyond their cull distance are skipped.
# ============================================================================
property Actor {
model: Model,
x: float = 0.0, # float bits, metres
y: float = 0.0,
z: float = 0.0,
yaw: float = 0.0, # radians; 0 faces -z like the camera
scale: float = 0.0,
tint: floats,
rough: float = 0.0,
mat: floats, # the model matrix
visible: bool = true,
# Drawn and CASTING are not the same question. An actor hidden because the camera is inside
# its head still stands in the sun, and a body that stops casting the moment you look out of
# its own eyes loses its shadow - which in a game played in a sunlit basin is the one thing
# that tells you where you are standing. Set this on anything hidden for a reason the sun
# does not share; everything else keeps stopping its shadow when it is hidden.
cast_hidden: bool = false,
casts: bool = true,
id: int = 0,
cutout: bool = false, # alpha-tested (a flame's cards)
emissive: float = 0.0, # float bits: self-lit strength
skin: Skin, # this instance's own pose (skin_clone); null: the model's
ptint: words, # 4 per primitive: on flag, r, g, b (a part's own colour)
hide: words, # 1 per primitive: skip it (a cap taken off)
radius: float = 0.0, # float bits: bounding radius for culling (0 = never culled)
cull: float = 0.0, # float bits: not drawn beyond this distance (0 = always)
outline: float = 0.0, # float bits: metres of rim drawn around it (0 = none)
ocol: floats # the rim's colour (null = white)
}
# a program and its uniform locations
property AcProg {
prog: int = 0,
l_model: int = -1,
l_bones: int = -1,
l_skin: int = -1,
l_lvp: int = -1,
l_tint: int = -1,
l_rough: int = -1,
l_emis: int = -1,
l_view: int = -1,
l_proj: int = -1,
l_out: int = -1,
l_ocol: int = -1,
l_mh: int = -1,
scene_frame: int = -1 # the frame its scene uniforms were bound
}
var ac_lit: AcProg = null
var ac_lit_cut: AcProg = null
var ac_sh: AcProg = null
var ac_sh_cut: AcProg = null
var ac_out: AcProg = null
var ac_out_cut: AcProg = null
var ac_actors: []Actor = null
var ac_next_id: int = 0
var ac_frame: int = 0
function ac_prog_new(vs: string, fs: string, defs: string) -> AcProg {
let a = new AcProg
a.prog = r3d_program(vs, fs, defs)
let p = a.prog
a.l_model = gpu_uniform(p, "u_model"); a.l_skin = gpu_uniform(p, "u_skinned"); a.l_lvp = gpu_uniform(p, "u_light_vp")
a.l_bones = gpu_uniform(p, "u_bones[0]"); if a.l_bones < 0 { a.l_bones = gpu_uniform(p, "u_bones") }
a.l_tint = gpu_uniform(p, "u_tint"); a.l_rough = gpu_uniform(p, "u_rough_scale"); a.l_emis = gpu_uniform(p, "u_emissive")
a.l_view = gpu_uniform(p, "u_view"); a.l_proj = gpu_uniform(p, "u_proj"); a.l_mh = gpu_uniform(p, "u_model_h")
a.l_out = gpu_uniform(p, "u_outline"); a.l_ocol = gpu_uniform(p, "u_outline_col")
# the samplers never move: units 0, 1, 2
gpu_use_program(p)
u_i(gpu_uniform(p, "u_diff"), 0); u_i(gpu_uniform(p, "u_nrm"), 1); u_i(gpu_uniform(p, "u_arm"), 2)
return a
}
function actor_init() -> void {
ac_lit = ac_prog_new("skin.vert", "model.frag", "")
ac_lit_cut = ac_prog_new("skin.vert", "model.frag", "#define ALPHA_TEST\n")
ac_sh = ac_prog_new("skin.vert", "shadow.frag", "#define SHADOW_PASS\n")
ac_sh_cut = ac_prog_new("skin.vert", "shadow.frag", "#define SHADOW_PASS\n#define ALPHA_TEST\n")
ac_out = ac_prog_new("skin.vert", "outline.frag", "#define OUTLINE\n")
ac_out_cut = ac_prog_new("skin.vert", "outline.frag", "#define OUTLINE\n#define ALPHA_TEST\n")
ac_actors = new []Actor
}
function actor_remove(a: Actor) -> void {
if ac_actors == null { return }
let keep = new []Actor
for i in 0 .. len(ac_actors) { if ac_actors[i].id != a.id { push(keep, ac_actors[i]) } }
ac_actors = keep
}
# colour one named part of the model (a material name from the file)
function actor_tint_part(a: Actor, name: string, r: float, g: float, b: float) -> void {
if a.model == null { return }
let n = len(a.model.prims)
if a.ptint == null { a.ptint = words(n * 4); for i in 0 .. n * 4 { a.ptint[i] = 0 } }
for i in 0 .. n { if a.model.prims[i].name == name { a.ptint[i * 4] = 1; a.ptint[i * 4 + 1] = float_bits(r); a.ptint[i * 4 + 2] = float_bits(g); a.ptint[i * 4 + 3] = float_bits(b) } }
}
function actor_hide_part(a: Actor, name: string, hidden: bool) -> void {
if a.model == null { return }
let n = len(a.model.prims)
if a.hide == null { a.hide = words(n); for i in 0 .. n { a.hide[i] = 0 } }
var v = 0
if hidden { v = 1 }
for i in 0 .. n { if a.model.prims[i].name == name { a.hide[i] = v } }
}
function actor_new(model: Model) -> Actor {
let a = new Actor
a.model = model
a.scale = 1.0
a.tint = v3_new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
a.rough = 1.0
a.mat = m4_new()
ac_next_id += 1; a.id = ac_next_id
if model != null { a.radius = Math.max(model.radius, model.height) + 1.0 }
a.cull = 450.0
if ac_actors == null { ac_actors = new []Actor }
push(ac_actors, a)
return a
}
function actor_place(a: Actor, x: float, y: float, z: float, yaw: float) -> void {
a.x = x; a.y = y; a.z = z; a.yaw = yaw
m4_trs(a.mat, x, y, z, yaw, a.scale)
}
# the scene's lighting for a lit program, once per frame
function ac_bind_scene(ap: AcProg) -> void {
if ap.scene_frame == ac_frame { return }
ap.scene_frame = ac_frame
let p = ap.prog
gpu_use_program(p)
u_mat4(ap.l_view, cam_view)
u_mat4(ap.l_proj, cam_proj)
u_f(ap.l_mh, 0.0)
sky_bind_lighting(p)
shadow_bind(p)
fog_bind(p)
}
function ac_visible(a: Actor, shadow: bool) -> bool {
if a.model == null { return false }
if not a.visible and not (shadow and a.cast_hidden) { return false }
if shadow and not a.casts { return false }
if a.cull != 0.0 {
let dx = a.x - cam_pos[0]; let dz = a.z - cam_pos[2]
let d2 = dx * dx + dz * dz
var c = a.cull
if shadow { c = Math.min(c, 300.0) }
if d2 > c * c { return false }
}
if not shadow and a.radius != 0.0 {
let r = a.radius * a.scale
var cy = a.y + r
# In the water reflection what reaches the picture is the actor's mirror image, 2L - y. The pass
# keeps the main camera's frustum planes, so the image is what has to be tested against them: the
# actor itself was, and the town's people - far above the lake, their images far below the frame -
# all drew again into the reflection.
if ter_reflect { cy = 2.0 * water_level - cy }
if not cam_sphere_visible(a.x, cy, a.z, r * 1.5) { return false }
}
return true
}
function actor_draw_one(a: Actor, ap: AcProg, shadow: bool) -> void {
let p = ap.prog
gpu_use_program(p)
u_mat4(ap.l_model, a.mat)
var skinned = 0.0
if a.skin != null { skinned = 1.0; u_mat4n(ap.l_bones, a.skin.n_joints, a.skin.bones) }
else if a.model.skin != null { skinned = 1.0; u_mat4n(ap.l_bones, a.model.skin.n_joints, a.model.skin.bones) }
u_f(ap.l_skin, skinned)
if not shadow {
u_f(ap.l_emis, a.emissive)
u_f(ap.l_rough, a.rough)
}
gpu_cull(false)
let model = a.model
for i in 0 .. len(model.prims) {
let pr = model.prims[i]
if a.hide != null and a.hide[i] != 0 { continue }
if not shadow {
if a.ptint != null and a.ptint[i * 4] != 0 { u_f3(ap.l_tint, float_from_bits(a.ptint[i * 4 + 1]), float_from_bits(a.ptint[i * 4 + 2]), float_from_bits(a.ptint[i * 4 + 3])) }
else { u_v3(ap.l_tint, a.tint) }
}
gpu_tex_unit(0); gpu_tex_bind(GPU_TEX2D, pr.diff)
if not shadow {
gpu_tex_unit(1); gpu_tex_bind(GPU_TEX2D, pr.nrm)
gpu_tex_unit(2); gpu_tex_bind(GPU_TEX2D, pr.arm)
}
mesh_draw(pr.mesh)
}
}
# ---- outlining something that is not an actor ---------------------------------------------
# An Actor gets its rim from its own `outline` field. Everything else in a scene - a
# scatter instance, a tile, anything drawn by a system that owns its own transforms - had
# no way to ask for one, because the outline pass walked the actor list and nothing else.
# A tree is the case that matters: instanced scatter has no actor to hull, so a game that
# highlights whatever the crosshair is on could highlight every object in the world except
# the twenty thousand most common ones.
#
# So: a queue. `outline_model` says "put a rim round this model at this transform" from
# anywhere in the frame, and the outline pass flushes it alongside the actors' - which is
# what gets the depth test right, since the rim has to be drawn after the scene it is
# tested against and the caller does not control pass order.
#
# The rim is the model's own geometry swollen along its normals. A layer whose vertex
# shader moves its instances - wind, or standing them on the drawn terrain - will differ
# from the rim by however much that shader moved them, so pass the transform the shader
# would have arrived at (for a grounded layer, the terrain height at that instance).
property OutlineReq {
model: Model,
mat: floats,
width: float = 0.0,
r: float = 0.0,
g: float = 0.0,
b: float = 0.0
}
var ac_oq: []OutlineReq = null
var ac_oq_n: int = 0 # live entries; the array is kept and reused
# A frame is drawn by more than one pass - a shadow map, a water reflection, the scene -
# and actor_draw runs in each of them. An Actor survives that because its rim is a field
# on the actor; a queue does not, if the first pass empties it. So a flush CLOSES the
# batch rather than clearing it, and the next add opens a new one: every pass in a frame
# sees the same requests, and the caller needs no frame hook.
var ac_oq_closed: bool = true
function outline_model(m: Model, mat: floats, width: float, r: float, g: float, b: float) -> void {
if m == null or mat == null or width == 0.0 { return }
if ac_oq_closed { ac_oq_n = 0; ac_oq_closed = false }
if ac_oq == null { ac_oq = new []OutlineReq }
var q: OutlineReq = null
if ac_oq_n < len(ac_oq) { q = ac_oq[ac_oq_n] } else { q = new OutlineReq; q.mat = m4_new(); push(ac_oq, q) }
q.model = m; q.width = width; q.r = r; q.g = g; q.b = b
m4_copy(q.mat, mat)
ac_oq_n += 1
}
function outline_clear() -> void { ac_oq_n = 0; ac_oq_closed = true }
# Called at the top of every frame. A batch the last frame closed and nobody has reopened
# since is stale: the caller stopped asking. Without this it was drawn for ever - flush
# closes a batch but only the NEXT outline_model call empties it, so looking away from a
# highlighted tree left its rim on until something else was highlighted.
function outline_frame() -> void { if ac_oq_closed { ac_oq_n = 0 } }
# R3D_ACTOR_CENSUS=<frame>: at that frame, the lit pass's actors grouped by model - skinned or rigid,
# how many share it, the primitives each draws - so instancing is aimed at what repeats
function actor_census() -> void {
let keys = new []Model
let cnt = new []int
let prims = new []int
let rigid = new []int
for i in 0 .. len(ac_actors) {
let a = ac_actors[i]
if not ac_visible(a, false) { continue }
var k = -1
for j in 0 .. len(keys) { if keys[j] == a.model { k = j } }
if k < 0 { push(keys, a.model); push(cnt, 0); push(prims, 0); var r = 1; if a.model.skin != null { r = 0 }; push(rigid, r); k = len(keys) - 1 }
if a.skin != null { rigid[k] = 0 }
cnt[k] += 1
var shown = 0
for p in 0 .. len(a.model.prims) { if a.hide == null or a.hide[p] == 0 { shown += 1 } }
prims[k] += shown
}
var total = 0
for j in 0 .. len(keys) {
var kind = "skinned"
if rigid[j] == 1 { kind = "rigid" }
print(`actor census: model {j} ({kind}, {len(keys[j].prims)} prims, {keys[j].tris} tris): {cnt[j]} actors, {prims[j]} draws`)
total += prims[j]
}
print(`actor census: {len(keys)} models, {total} lit draws`)
}
var ac_census_at: int = -2
function actor_draw() -> void {
if ac_actors == null { return }
ac_frame += 1
if ac_census_at == -2 { ac_census_at = -1; if r3d_env_has("R3D_ACTOR_CENSUS") { ac_census_at = Text.to_int(r3d_env("R3D_ACTOR_CENSUS")) } }
if ac_census_at > 0 and ac_frame == ac_census_at { actor_census() }
for i in 0 .. len(ac_actors) {
let a = ac_actors[i]
if not ac_visible(a, false) { continue }
var ap = ac_lit
if a.cutout { ap = ac_lit_cut }
ac_bind_scene(ap)
actor_draw_one(a, ap, false)
}
actor_draw_outlines()
gpu_cull(true)
}
# The rim around a highlighted actor: the model again, its vertices pushed out along their
# normals (skin.vert, OUTLINE) and its front faces culled, so only the far side of the
# swollen shell survives — a silhouette exactly `outline` metres wide. Depth-tested
# against the scene, so anything in front of the actor hides its rim too.
function actor_draw_outlines() -> void {
var any = ac_oq_n > 0
for i in 0 .. len(ac_actors) { if ac_actors[i].outline != 0.0 and ac_visible(ac_actors[i], false) { any = true; break } }
if not any { return }
gpu_cull(true)
gpu_cull_face(GL_FRONT)
for i in 0 .. len(ac_actors) {
let a = ac_actors[i]
if a.outline == 0.0 or not ac_visible(a, false) { continue }
var ap = ac_out
if a.cutout { ap = ac_out_cut }
gpu_use_program(ap.prog)
u_mat4(ap.l_view, cam_view); u_mat4(ap.l_proj, cam_proj)
u_f(ap.l_out, a.outline * a.scale)
if a.ocol != null { u_v3(ap.l_ocol, a.ocol) } else { u_f3(ap.l_ocol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0) }
actor_draw_outline_one(a, ap)
}
# and whatever asked for a rim without being an actor
for i in 0 .. ac_oq_n {
let q = ac_oq[i]
let ap = ac_out
gpu_use_program(ap.prog)
u_mat4(ap.l_view, cam_view); u_mat4(ap.l_proj, cam_proj)
u_f(ap.l_out, q.width)
u_f3(ap.l_ocol, q.r, q.g, q.b)
u_mat4(ap.l_model, q.mat)
u_f(ap.l_skin, 0.0)
for k in 0 .. len(q.model.prims) { mesh_draw(q.model.prims[k].mesh) }
}
ac_oq_closed = true
gpu_cull_face(GL_BACK)
}
function actor_draw_outline_one(a: Actor, ap: AcProg) -> void {
u_mat4(ap.l_model, a.mat)
var skinned = 0.0
if a.skin != null { skinned = 1.0; u_mat4n(ap.l_bones, a.skin.n_joints, a.skin.bones) }
else if a.model.skin != null { skinned = 1.0; u_mat4n(ap.l_bones, a.model.skin.n_joints, a.model.skin.bones) }
u_f(ap.l_skin, skinned)
let model = a.model
for i in 0 .. len(model.prims) {
let pr = model.prims[i]
if a.hide != null and a.hide[i] != 0 { continue }
if a.cutout { gpu_tex_unit(0); gpu_tex_bind(GPU_TEX2D, pr.diff) }
mesh_draw(pr.mesh)
}
}
# Is a sphere inside this cascade's light box? The projection is orthographic, so a point's
# clip x and y are the matrix applied to it, and the sphere's reach along each is bounded by the
# three axis offsets. An actor outside the box casts nothing into that layer: skipping it changes no
# depth, only the draw. (Each actor used to draw into every cascade out to 300 m - in town that was
# about 1500 skinned shadow draws a frame against 69 in the lit pass.)
var ac_lp0: floats = null
var ac_lpx: floats = null
var ac_lpy: floats = null
var ac_lpz: floats = null
function ac_in_light(vp: floats, x: float, y: float, z: float, r: float) -> bool {
if ac_lp0 == null { ac_lp0 = floats(3); ac_lpx = floats(3); ac_lpy = floats(3); ac_lpz = floats(3) }
m4_xform_point(ac_lp0, vp, x, y, z)
m4_xform_point(ac_lpx, vp, x + r, y, z)
m4_xform_point(ac_lpy, vp, x, y + r, z)
m4_xform_point(ac_lpz, vp, x, y, z + r)
for k in 0 .. 2 {
let c = ac_lp0[k]
let e = ac_abs(ac_lpx[k] - c) + ac_abs(ac_lpy[k] - c) + ac_abs(ac_lpz[k] - c)
if ac_abs(c) - e > 1.0 { return false }
}
return true
}
function ac_abs(v: float) -> float { return Math.max(v, -v) }
function actor_draw_casters(light_vp: floats) -> void {
if ac_actors == null { return }
gpu_use_program(ac_sh.prog); u_mat4(ac_sh.l_lvp, light_vp)
gpu_use_program(ac_sh_cut.prog); u_mat4(ac_sh_cut.l_lvp, light_vp)
for i in 0 .. len(ac_actors) {
let a = ac_actors[i]
if not ac_visible(a, true) { continue }
if a.radius != 0.0 {
# the radius is the horizontal extent: a person is far taller than wide, so the sphere is
# centred at half the model's height and reaches the larger of the two, with a margin for
# the pose (a first version centred it at the radius and dropped a head at a cascade's edge)
let hh = a.model.height * 0.5 * a.scale
let r = Math.max(a.radius * a.scale, hh)
if not ac_in_light(light_vp, a.x, a.y + hh, a.z, r * 1.5) { continue }
}
# Inside the light box is not the same as able to shade anything this cascade covers: every actor
# within 300 m sits inside the far cascades' boxes, whose receivers start 250 and 1100 m out - at
# the camp 160 actors cast 300 draws into each of those, against 41 into the nearest.
let dxa = a.x - cam_pos[0]; let dza = a.z - cam_pos[2]
let da = Math.sqrt(dxa * dxa + dza * dza)
let ra = a.radius * a.scale
if not cast_band_reaches(Math.max(da - ra, 0.0), da + ra, a.model.height * a.scale) { continue }
var ap = ac_sh
if a.cutout { ap = ac_sh_cut }
if ac_census_at > 0 and ac_frame == ac_census_at { ac_caster_count(a) }
actor_draw_one(a, ap, true)
}
if ac_census_at > 0 and ac_frame == ac_census_at {
print(`actor census, cascade {sh_cascade}: {ac_cc_actors} actors cast {ac_cc_draws} draws ({ac_cc_skinned} of them skinned, {ac_cc_cut} cutout)`)
ac_cc_actors = 0; ac_cc_draws = 0; ac_cc_skinned = 0; ac_cc_cut = 0
}
prof_cpu_mark("shadow actors")
}
var ac_cc_actors: int = 0
var ac_cc_draws: int = 0
var ac_cc_skinned: int = 0
var ac_cc_cut: int = 0
function ac_caster_count(a: Actor) -> void {
var shown = 0
for p in 0 .. len(a.model.prims) { if a.hide == null or a.hide[p] == 0 { shown += 1 } }
ac_cc_actors += 1
ac_cc_draws += shown
if a.skin != null or a.model.skin != null { ac_cc_skinned += shown }
if a.cutout { ac_cc_cut += shown }
}
# every actor off the stage at once, for a world being replaced. Actors own no GL objects;
# their models belong to whoever loaded them.
function actor_clear_all() -> void {
ac_actors = new []Actor
outline_clear()
}
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