- Device: multiDrawIndirect, drawIndirectFirstInstance and drawIndirectCount where present.
- Buffers carry storage and indirect usage; a GPU-owned buffer is never swapped under a draw.
- Compute programs from shaders/compute.list (binding 0 parameters, 1.. storage buffers),
built by `ludic-dev shaders`; gpu_compute / gpu_dispatch / gpu_draw_mesh_indirect in gpu.ludic.
- R3D_VK_PROBE=1: a dispatch read back (OK on the RTX 3070 Ti).
- scatter_cull.comp: a tree layer's frustum test and LOD split on the GPU, with the lit, prepass,
impostor and shadow-LOD draws reading its records. Behind R3D_GPU_CULL=1 and off by default:
at the camp it is slower (43.0 fps against 53.3), because the frame's cost is per-draw
descriptor sets and it adds empty-level draws. Validation-clean; OpenGL frames unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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