memory_final's gate crashed in all 13 scenarios at the first frame of play, R3D_ARENA_CHECK=1 reading
0xDD in ludic.ui's nd_take: a node the pool keeps had come from the frame's scratch. Two holes:
- a call to a generic (ui_kept(list, n)) names the generic, and the analysis knows only its instances
(ui_kept$UiNode), so the callee looked unknown - and an unknown callee was taken to keep nothing.
A generic's call now reaches every instance, and an unknown callee keeps everything it is handed,
but for a short list of intrinsics known to keep nothing; view() shares its list's storage.
- a push's growth into a parameter's list was LOCAL whenever the list was not seen kept, though a
parameter may be a state's list. A site is LOCAL now only when its class is neither ESC nor HEAP.
examples/lang/arena_pool.ludic is the shape (a pool keeping records across frames through a generic
push): built with --arena it prints '7 3498' poisoned on every reset and with the arena off, in
ludic-dev test. On the valley every ludic.ui pool site is kept; 5480 sites local, 6431 kept.
Also, from ECS: a record's field defaults are stored into it when it is made, a global's initializer
is kept, and a component's own functions are frame roots (they run while its page is open).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The escape analysis now follows which state a kept value is stored into (a state parameter, a state
global - each its own class - through the flows to and from it), and every heap site in the fence's
table carries that owner. The census writes, per owning state, what its sites hold and how much that
grew since judging began: 'owner NotesState holds 6400 (+5600 since judging began)'. A keep() or
intern() is a site of its own for this, never scratch and never reported as a keep or a birth. It
needs the analysis, so the arena's (or --escape-report's) build; this is what a soak watches.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A field marked @owns(PhysShape) holds a handle its record owns. A function that releases one owned
field of a record (body_free(w, s.body)) and neither releases nor hands on another owned field of
the same record type (s.shape) gives the first back and loses the second - the phys_remove bug, at
compile time. ludic deps --resources (or --owned) lists them; owned_leaks is a number --check
ratchets. A test: the function that frees a solid's body alone is the one found; the one that frees
both is not.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A function marked @creates(PhysShape) makes a handle one marked @releases(PhysShape) gives back.
ludic deps --resources lists every creating call whose handle is thrown away, or bound to a local
that is never released, passed on, stored or returned, and resource_drops is a number --check
ratchets. A test: a thrown-away create and one bound and never handed on are the two found; one
stored in a state and one released are not. A record's owned fields and a borrow form (a shape
used by several scaled ones) are the second half, with a resource type.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The analysis gives each local its declared or inferred type (a record's field, a list's element,
a call's result, words/floats) and takes a value whose type is a number or a bool out of every flow
and store: a float copied out of a frame's floats into a state's no longer makes the frame's list
kept (shadow_fit, water_reflection_pass, layer_partition_lods). frame_keeps 190 -> 181 on the game;
birth_leaks 564 -> 581, the lists that copy was hiding now seen as made and dropped outside a frame.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Mem.scan() and R3D_ALLOC_SCAN=<frame> (at that frame's mark, when no function is running) walk
every heap block reachable from the program's globals - the states among them - conservatively: each
word that is a heap block's start (malloc_size says so) is followed, blocks made before tracking too.
A tracked block nothing reaches is a leak whatever a frame's totals say; they are summed by site and
printed ('alloc-scan: frame 39 - 32 bytes in 2 blocks ... reachable from no global or state', then
the sites). R3D_ALLOC_EXIT=1 runs the same scan as the program quits. A test: two records dropped in
frame 20 are the two found, the one pushed into a state is not.
The escape analysis now takes free(x) as giving x back (ES_FREED, flowing to what reached x) and a
print's argument as used up, so ludic deps --births lists only what is never given back.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
'@max(64) boxes: []Box' on a property's or a state's field is a promise: the grow path of a push to
that field (only the grow path, so nothing is paid until it doubles) checks it, and growing past n is
reported by the fence - 'PoolState.boxes grew past its @max(16) (it holds 16)' - counted under
count, said under warn, and under fail (a headless or dev build's default) the run ends with exit 87.
Mem.over("what") is the same for a package's own table: ludic.base's StrTable past its most
(sb_intern) and ludic.ui's memo past three quarters of MM_CAP no longer quietly copy per call. The
census counts overflows.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
ludic deps --births lists every site the escape analysis finds kept by nothing and not the frame
arena's - boot and load code, a function spanning frames, frame code with the arena off - which is
made and dropped and never given back; birth_leaks is a number --check ratchets. A text used up by +
or == where it is made is freed at once and not counted; nor is what @alloc_ok covers.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
keep(x) copies a string, a slice (header and elements) or a record (shallow) onto the heap; intern(s)
hands back one heap string per distinct text from a fixed table in the runtime (FNV-1a, 65536 slots,
copied the first time; past 49152 only copied). Both are how frame code keeps what it made on purpose:
the escape analysis takes the copy as the heap's and leaves the argument LOCAL.
The analysis now records why a class escapes (the store, the event, the global it reached) and
ludic deps lists every allocation frame code makes and keeps - fkeep lines, 'ludic deps --keeps',
the frame_keeps number --check ratchets - leaving out what is under @alloc_ok and a push's growth
(25.5's capacities). --arena-strict (or 'arena strict') makes each an error naming the store, before
anything is emitted. A test: a template stored into a state is the one error; keep and intern of the
next two, an @alloc_ok push and a scratch temporary are not; 195 frames of arena resets under
R3D_ARENA_CHECK=1 later the kept and interned texts read as made, and intern gives the same string.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Behind ludicc --arena (or 'arena on' in the program's package.ludic): the escape analysis runs and a
LOCAL site's allocation raises @lp_want for that one call, so it comes from the frame's arena. Two
halves in one mmap reservation (R3D_ARENA_MB each, 256 by default), bump-allocated with a 16-byte
size header, flipped at each frame mark: a frame's scratch is good through the next frame, then its
half is started again (R3D_ARENA_CHECK=1 fills it with 0xDD first). The heap takes over when no frame
is running, off the main thread, or past the half's end; lp_free ignores an arena block and
lp_realloc copies one out. R3D_ARENA=0 turns it off at run time; the census reports each half's
high-water mark. A program that builds text, a list and a record per frame: 29998 heap blocks made
and 18002 freed without it, 8 and 8 with it and 544 bytes of scratch a frame, the same output.
A dispatch's 'new' fills the queue's kept record (E_NEW.b), so 25.2 no longer counts it and 25.3
treats its fields as kept. '@frame' is keyed by property and field: a 'run' field is a root only in
a property that marks it, and 'tick' stays a System's.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
emit_escape.ludic: every value is in a class, joined by flow edges (a let, an assignment, an argument
into its parameter, a result into the call) and store edges (a field, an element, a push). HEAP (a
parameter, a state, a global, what an unknown call hands back) flows forward; ESC (stored into
something HEAP, into a global, into an event's fields or named values, handed to an unknown callee)
flows backward, and from an ESC or HEAP target along a store. A load is its base's class. A site that
is neither ESC nor in a function reaching Mem.frame is LOCAL (Node.uns = ES_SCRATCH). ludicc
--escape-report prints each site and the totals; nothing is emitted differently yet - the arena that
allocates the LOCAL sites is next.
@alloc_ok on a generic now covers its instances (kept_push$NetFact is under kept_push's), and a
statement's @alloc_ok is carried on the node (Node.uns), so a generic's clone keeps it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A field declared '@frame run: fn(...)' makes every function stored in it a frame root, as a System's
tick is. @alloc_ok("why") before a statement takes that statement out of frame_allocs and makes what
it allocates declared at run time; a function holding one keeps the fence's scope depth and puts it
back at its return, so a return inside the statement cannot leave the scope open. @alloc_ok above
'export function' was lost - export parses the declaration one call down - and is now carried to it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The census reads ludic.physics' jph_heap_bytes/_peak and the Vulkan runtime's lvk_ac_bytes/_peak by
name (dlsym, so nothing a package declares is declared twice) and prints jolt, vulkan and the rest
of the heap apart. An @alloc_ok function counts a scope in and out (@lp_fdecl): what it and its
callees make is marked declared in the side table, reported as 'declared' in the census and left
out of a frame's verdict and of Mem.kept().
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
deps_reach's graph gains the handlers and each @On body (an emit reaches its event's listeners).
Roots: a handler in a frame phase, every reducer, an @On body, and a function stored as a System's
tick. Every allocating construct in what they reach - new, a list literal, push (grow), text built
by + or a template, words/floats/buffer/bytes - is a falloc line with the shortest chain from a
root (root>..>last six), and the program's count is frame_allocs. @alloc_ok("why") on a function or
a handler takes it and what only it reaches out; the reason is required. ludic deps --allocs lists
them, and frame_allocs is a number --check ratchets. Maroon Lake starts at 2661.
Not yet: @frame on a step list's field (only 'tick' is a root field so far), statement-level
@alloc_ok, the three lints.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The census's native line is malloc's live bytes over every zone since judging began less what
Ludic's tracked blocks kept - the libraries' and drivers' growth, read before the census file is
opened. A tracked block counts malloc_size(), not the size asked for, so kept is what the heap pays
and the residual carries no rounding. @malloc_zone_statistics is declared once, by the fence or by
Os.heap_bytes.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every allocation the compiler emits goes through @lp_malloc/@lp_calloc/@lp_realloc/@lp_free, and a
Ludic-level one first stores its site (function, file, line, kind) in @lp_site. Off, that is one load
and a predictable branch (30 M allocations: 0.87-0.91 s against 0.87-0.90 s on leaks2).
On (the default in a headless build, and windowed under R3D_DEV), tracking starts at the first frame
on its own and judging once R3D_ALLOC_WARM frames in a row kept nothing (600) or R3D_ALLOC_WARM_MAX
after (re)start; Mem.play()/Mem.rewarm() sends a load back to its warm-up. A judged frame that ends
holding more than it began with is reported by site with its callers (the unwinder, taken only once
judging) and fails the run with exit 86 (R3D_ALLOC_FENCE=off|count|warn|fail). R3D_ALLOC_CENSUS
writes the totals and top sites at exit. The build's defaults are --fence=, --fence-warm=,
--fence-census= or a fence line in the program's package.ludic; the environment overrides them.
The runtime is IR (emit_fence_ir.ludic, generated from a template); tracking is a side table in one
calloc'd region, so no block carries a header and pointers crossing to natives stay safe. Examples
alloc_fence, alloc_fence_leak and alloc_fence_auto with cases in ludic-dev test; reseeded.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A prompt that comes and goes as a player walks (co-op's netleak: in_get, cmp_*_new, bd_class, value_slot/put)
made a new record, props and model on every mount, and an action's call answered into a new Val (ev_call_with).
examples/library/ui_remount: two thousand comings and goings hold the heap at 0, and the counter starts at 0.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Found by reading every builtin (Os.platform's 8 KB per call started it). Log builds its line only at
or above the threshold and frees it; DateTime.format folds through + so its pieces go; Input.text
encodes into one buffer; Path/Mime/Fs/Os free their temporaries on every path; string results of
Text/Path/Mime/DateTime/Os dirs are fresh and Text frees a fresh argument. Reseeded.
runtime_temps.ludic: 19.8 MB -> 0 over 20,000 rounds, 64 KB -> 0 over 200 of file work; clean under
MallocScribble. string_temps still 0.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
lp_os_platform and lp_os_arch malloc'd 8 KB per call (the uname buffer) and kept none of it:
string_temps now asks both every round, 327 MB over 20,000 before, 0 after. Reseeded. render3d:
MoltenVK made a mapped buffer's MTLBuffer at its first bind (fn_gvk_draw +4 blocks in the boat
window); gvk_buf_reserve queues it and the next frame's command buffer copies 4 bytes out of it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Vk.heap_bytes pulled the Vk module - and on lang/uifree the GL window path - into a plain program,
which then failed to link (_cgl_offscreen, lgl_GetError). Os.heap_bytes is malloc_zone_statistics
through a weak reference (0 where there is none, and on Windows). Reseeded. Docs for it and for
Json.free / Json.free_all.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
s[a .. b] is always a copy, so it is freed once a +, a comparison or print has read it. Reseeded.
string_temps.ludic adds a slice compared and a slice concatenated each round (960 KB over 20,000
before, 0 after) and a kept slice read after its +.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The left half of a + chain, a template's pieces and holes, a number's text and a side made only to be
compared are marked fresh and freed after the +, ==, != or print that reads them. lp_int_str and
lp_long_str move their digits to the start of the buffer, so the pointer they return is the one
malloc gave. Reseeded. examples/lang/string_temps.ludic: kept intermediates stay good, and 20,000
rounds grow the heap 0 bytes (2.9 MB before).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
dispatch lowered to ludic_act_push(k, new A { ... }): a fresh record every dispatch, and an input
system dispatches Move and FrameTime every frame. The queue now keeps a list per action
(kept<k>, used<k>); ludic_act_new__A hands out the next (made only when all are queued), new's
emitter fills it field by field as it fills a fresh one (every field, default or given), and
drain_actions sets every used<k> back to 0 once the queue is empty. A reducer only ever reads
its action during the drain, so nothing sees a record after it is reused. Actions are visible
to the program's file, where the queue lives, as reducers already were.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every per-entity store (@S_ components, @H_ flags, alive, kind, freelist, owners) is a heap block
L_grow doubles from 1024 as L_alloc hands out a slot past it, the new slots zeroed; each site loads
the store's base where it indexes it (ecs_base, its registers %ecsb* so a raw function's t0 labels
cannot collide). Prop.has bounds against @L_cap, Pool.capacity answers it, a mod's registered
stores grow with the rest, every main grows the stores once before anything reads them. A snapshot
records its slot count first and a load grows to it before reading back. The overflow stop of
1c7ce84 is gone with the wall. ludic-dev test 305 passed, selfhost-test 33 passed; 1000 / 5000 /
100000 entities spawn and count.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
L_alloc handed out a fresh slot without a bound, so the 1025th spawn wrote past the end of every
component array. It stops with a located message naming the store's size and where many things
belong (ludic.base's Table). Growable stores are plan 24.8: the save, rollback snapshot and mod
table write the stores whole at a compile-time size, so that is a file-format change. Reseeded;
ludic-dev test 305 passed, selfhost-test 33 passed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every pool thread runs the worker at once with the same states, so a mut state in a worker was a
race nothing reported. check_worker_ref refuses a worker whose leading states include a mut one;
threads.ludic's total moves into the words the worker is handed, under the mutex. The seeds are
regenerated (ludic-dev reseed). ludic-dev test 305 passed, selfhost-test 33 passed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- a CAMetalLayer on the view (cocoa.ll win_metal_layer), VK_EXT_metal_surface, QuartzCore linked
with Vk.*; the drawable measured after the layer sets the backing scale
- vk_mac.ll opens MoltenVK directly after any loader: a bundle ships only libMoltenVK.dylib
- a covered window is not presented to (win_visible); one frame in flight on macOS
(R3D_VK_INFLIGHT), with images, buffers and descriptor pools held until it is done
- win_held / win_mouse / win_pad / win_touch / win_text / win_present pass slice elements (arg_buf):
every windowed program died on its first input poll
- variants.list and SPIR-V for the three NEAR_FADE foliage programs
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Maroon Lake: 149 parameters became read-only. What stays mut is a real write - in the packages mostly a
lazy start inside a question (things_all, gear__ensure), which is what to take out next.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
native "<target>" "<path>" in a package's package.ludic; the compiler records the libraries of
every package a program imports and writes them into the IR (; ludic-native:), so ludicc -o,
ludic build, ludic test and ludic bundle all link one list. macOS: an rpath to the package and to
Contents/Frameworks, where ludic bundle copies and signs each library and drops the build
machine's rpath. Windows: the import library, the .dll copied beside the exe (--natives-out for
the bundle). tools/native/lib.sh builds from a pinned, checksummed source with clang on both
machines; ludic.nativeecho is the worked example; the shim rules are in packages/README.md.
Linked at build time rather than dlopen (docs/PACKAGES.md says why). Reseeded.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A reach through Port.member() follows that member's binding (or its default), and Registry[i].field -
or a local holding Registry[i] - follows that field in each entry, so a question asked of a port or a
table that also holds verbs no longer reaches the verbs. In Maroon Lake that took the valley's
'what is this Thing called' from 47 states it could change to 1. examples/state/write_reach.ludic.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
What only becomes known inside the drain - a value another reducer just set, the map in play - no longer
has to be faked into the action, so a verb that reads several systems while it changes one is a reducer
instead of an act handed its states. A second state to write is still refused, and the message says the
way out. examples/actions/reads.ludic; reseeded.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A game's exported UiAct collided with ludic.ui's, which nothing outside ludic.ui uses: it is private
to ludic.ui now, and a private record of one spelling in two modules never clashed. A real clash - a
type named like one a package exports - is still refused, and the message names the package and the
way out (`ludic_ui exports it, and exported names are one namespace - rename this one, or declare it
without export inside a module of your own`).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
