Finish issue #9 by adding the two remaining acceptance items on top of the
calendar/clock core, still pure-integer and deterministic:
DateTime.format(dt, pattern) -> string render an instant via a token
pattern (YYYY/YY/MM/DD/HH/mm/ss;
other chars pass through)
DateTime.parse(text, pattern) -> int read an instant back; -1 on a
non-digit where one is expected
Clock.now/set/advance/reset a game-controlled simulated clock
(the @L_clock global) that never
touches the wall clock, so gameplay
reading Clock.now() is replay-safe
format/parse take a string-LITERAL pattern and are expanded at compile time
(field offsets are then constant), folding @fn_str_concat over literal runs and
two small runtime helpers: @fn_dt_pad0 (zero-padded field) and @fn_dt_rd
(fixed-width digit reader that stops at the terminator and flags malformed
input). Clock is a universal i32 global declared in emit_head, so it works in
entry and game programs alike.
Adds examples/offline_rewards.ludic — the issue's worked "you were away N hours"
example, driven from its own entry and asserted in the regression suite — plus
selfhost/tests/datetime2.ludic (format/parse round-trip, parse failure, clock),
docs (Clock section + 4 pages, DateTime.format/parse pages), inventory and LSP
hover. Reseeded; C-free fixpoint holds; all suites green (27 self-host / 46
regression / 29 tools); check.py (366 symbols), check-impl.py (218 ns-methods)
and validate.py OK.
With this, #9's scope is fully delivered: DateTime/Date/Duration + core ops,
format/parse, a deterministic simulated clock, docs + offline-rewards example,
and tests. (v1 stays UTC-only, no leap seconds, i32 epoch valid through 2038.)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Implement the calendar/clock half of #9 as plain-i32 integer epochs — no
new type, no floating point (the issue's "integer epochs to avoid drift") —
so every operation is deterministic and bit-identical on every platform:
Duration — a span in whole seconds; seconds/minutes/hours/days build one,
as_seconds/as_minutes/as_hours/as_days read it back. Because a
duration is just an int, `+` and `>` work with no extra machinery
(Duration.minutes(5) + Duration.seconds(30), away > Duration.hours(3)).
Date — a civil day as days-since-1970 (UTC): new/year/month/day/weekday/
is_leap/days_in_month/to_epoch/add_days/diff_days.
DateTime — an instant as seconds-since-1970 (UTC, matching Time.now):
from/date/add/year/month/day/weekday/hour/minute/second.
Time.since(past) = now - past, for offline-progress / "time away" checks.
New selfhost/emit_datetime.ludic (is_/emit_ for the three namespaces, wired
into emit_ns_call + the frag list). The two civil<->epoch conversions are
Howard Hinnant's public-domain proleptic-Gregorian algorithms, emitted once
per program as the @fn_days_from_civil / @fn_civil_from_days prelude and gated
by g_uses_datert; days_in_month is next-month-day-0 (no lookup table). Time
gains `since`. Docs (Duration/Date/DateTime sections, 28 method pages +
time-since), inventory, and LSP hover kept in sync; a registered test checks
component math against hand-computed values. Reseeded; C-free fixpoint holds;
all suites green (26 self-host / 45 regression / 29 tools); check.py,
check-impl.py and validate.py OK.
format/parse, a game-controlled simulated clock, and timezones are tracked
follow-ups; v1 is UTC-only and, on the i32 epoch, valid through 2038.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Implement the Vec.* half of #25 under the proper (de-abbreviated) name
Vector, unblocking it with a self-contained value type instead of waiting
on the full #1 type system.
A Vector is two Q16.16 fixed components (x, y) packed into one i64 — a true
by-value type that lives in a register and never allocates (reuses the new
`long`/i64 support; llty maps `Vector` to i64). Fifteen operations, all
deterministic fixed-point reusing fx_mul/fx_div/fx_lerp and the @fn_fx_*
prelude: make/zero/x/y, add/sub/scale/dot, length/distance/normalize/lerp,
rotate/angle/from_angle.
New selfhost/emit_vector.ludic (wired into emit_ns_call + the frag list),
the `Vector` primitive type in llty and the grammars/LSP/JetBrains tokens,
docs (type-vector + 15 Vector.* pages + section), and a registered test.
Reseeded; C-free fixpoint holds; all suites green (45/25/29); site + check.py OK.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
De-abbreviate the two bare fixed-point conversion builtins:
flr(f) -> int -> floor(f) -> int (fixed -> int, flooring)
fx(i) -> fixed -> fixed(i) -> fixed (int -> fixed; mirrors how the
stringify builtin is `string`)
Updates the compiler dispatch, all call sites, the grammars/LSP/JetBrains
tokens, and the docs (fn-flr -> fn-floor, fn-fx -> fn-fixed). Reseeded;
C-free fixpoint holds; all suites green (45/24/29); site + check.py OK.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Expand the abbreviated pointer types to full words on the language surface:
ptr -> pointer (a raw address / FFI handle)
ptrs -> pointers (a buffer of pointers)
The Ludic type name is distinct from LLVM's own `ptr` spelling: llty() maps
`pointer`/`pointers` to LLVM `ptr`, and the emitted IR keeps `ptr`, so only
the Ludic-level surface changes. Rewrites type annotations across all
sources, the 8 hardcoded pointer type-tags, the `pointers`-buffer indexing
in emit_addr, the grammars/LSP/JetBrains tokens, and the docs
(type-ptr -> type-pointer, type-ptrs -> type-pointers). int/bool keep their
conventional short spelling (like Math).
Reseeded; C-free fixpoint holds; all suites green (45/24/29); site + check.py OK.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Expand the abbreviated string type and its conversion builtin to the full
word everywhere:
str -> string (the immutable-string type)
str(x) -> str -> string(x) -> string (the stringify builtin;
what `{…}` interpolation calls)
Types are recognized by identifier, and llty maps both spellings to LLVM
`ptr`, so this is an atomic source rewrite: type annotations, the Ludic
type tags, the builtin name/dispatch, and the interpolation desugar, plus
the grammars, LSP, docs (type-str -> type-string, fn-str -> fn-string), and
inventory. int/bool stay (universally accepted, like Math).
Reseeded; C-free fixpoint holds; all suites green (45/24/29); site + check.py OK.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Expand the function-declaration keyword to the full word across the whole
language and toolchain:
fn name(...) -> T { ... } -> function name(...) -> T { ... }
Done as a self-hosting migration: teach the parser both spellings, reseed,
rewrite every .ludic definition to `function`, then drop `fn`. The compiler
now rejects `fn`. Touches the parser, all selfhost/tools/runtime/example/test
sources, the grammars (TextMate shared+vscode, ludic_syntax.h, JetBrains
LudicTokens.kt), the LSP and formatter, the Python doc/vocab tools
(check-impl, check-docs, validate, palette, test-lsp), and the docs
(fences, prose, kw-fn -> kw-function).
Reseeded; C-free bootstrap fixpoint holds. All suites green (45 regression,
24 self-host, 29 tool); the docs site generates and check.py passes.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Expand the abbreviated public namespaces to full words, part of the
language-wide de-abbreviation pass:
Mem -> Memory, Sys -> System, Net -> Network, Collide -> Collision
Math stays (universally accepted, like int/bool). Renames the dispatch
strings, LSP signatures, docs (dirs, files, frontmatter), and the
inventory manifest; behavior is byte-identical (the bare rt_ targets are
unchanged). Reseeded; C-free bootstrap fixpoint holds; all suites green.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Finish the unblocked "Math / Ease" half of #25: the fixed-point
transcendentals deferred from #2. Vec.* stays blocked on the vec2 type
in #1.
- Math.exp, Math.log (natural), Math.pow — deterministic Q16.16 via two
new prelude fns in emit_math_prelude: @fn_fx_exp2 (range-reduced 5th-order
Taylor 2^f, then a clamped shift by the integer part) and @fn_fx_log2
(llvm.ctlz for the exponent + an atanh series on (m-1)/(m+1) for the
mantissa). exp=2^(x·log2 e), log=log2(x)·ln2, pow=2^(b·log2 a).
- Ease.elastic — ease-out elastic 2^(-10t)·sin((10t-0.75)·2pi/3)+1.
- Pure integer IR, so bit-identical on every platform. Results must fit the
Q16.16 range (|x| < 32768); larger magnitudes saturate (documented).
Test selfhost/tests/transcend.ludic (registered in the self-host suite) +
docs for all four. Reseeded; the C-free bootstrap fixpoint holds. All suites
green (24 self-host, 45 regression, 29 tool).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Implement the bulk of the namespaced-stdlib proposal (workshopsoft/ludic#2):
156 namespace methods across Math, Text, List, Ease, Collide, World, Net,
Sys, Save, Mem, extended Screen, Color functions, extended Random, and Time.
All deterministic fixed-point; self-hosting (C-free bootstrap fixpoint holds).
Compiler (selfhost/):
- Math.*: sqrt/sin/cos/tan/atan2/asin/acos (fixed-point runtime prelude —
bit-by-bit isqrt, 256-entry interpolated sine table, Ross atan2), plus
hypot/dist/dist2/deg_to_rad/rad_to_deg/posmod/wrap/ping_pong/snapped/
move_toward/smoothstep/lerp/remap/sign/floor/ceil/round.
- Text.* (complete): upper/lower/trim/repeat/pad, split/join/replace,
and the libc-backed queries.
- List.* (complete): insert/remove_at/remove/sort plus the earlier ops.
- Ease.* (in/out/in_out/back/bounce) and Collide.* (rects/point_rect/
circles/rect_circle).
- Phase 3: World/Net/Sys/Save namespaced over the bare builtins (byte-
identical IR) and Mem.* (bytes/words/copy/fill/peek/poke).
- Screen.* extended (line/circle/fill_circle/triangle/fill_triangle via new
runtime primitives; sprite/sprite_scaled aliases), Color.* functions,
Random.* (value/int/sign), Time.* (frame/delta/elapsed/now — new
game-loop frame counter).
- Fix a lexer bug: fixed-point literals with >4 fractional digits overflowed.
Docs & tooling:
- 129 new per-symbol doc pages; gen.py made data-driven (namespaces
discovered from the docs, no hardcoded list); new check-impl.py enforces
that every implemented namespace method / keyword / type / phase has a
doc page, wired into `x test-tools`. Document the previously-undocumented
keywords (break/continue/where/entry/new/public + and/or/not tokens).
- LSP: namespaced signature help (ns_method_sig) covering every namespace.
Tests: 12 new self-host/regression tests + a golden render for the drawing
primitives. All suites green (selfhost 21, regression 45, tools 29).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The type table lists fixeds (buffer of fixed values) and ptrs (buffer of
pointers) alongside words, but they had no reference pages. Add both, with
compilable examples; coverage inventory updated (types: 10 -> 12).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Pipeline diagram stacks vertically with downward arrows on mobile (row on
>=720px) instead of the awkward wrap.
- Tooltip cards now open on CLICK (works on touch too), the card itself is
clickable and opens the symbol's page in a NEW TAB, and an outside click or
Escape closes it. Replaces the hover-only behavior.
- Reference pages get their own nav — Home / API Reference / Source ↗ — instead
of the landing-only Features/Examples/Get started anchors, and now include the
Source link.
- Unify the container width (1120px) across the landing and all reference pages
so the header and content align between them.
- Reword extern/@export FFI docs from "C-ABI" to "native" for consistency with
the site's no-C wording.
Verified in-browser at 375px and 1280px: vertical pipeline, click→card→new-tab,
outside-click close, correct reference nav, aligned container; 158 examples still
compile.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Rewrite both stylesheets mobile-first (base = phone; @media min-width
progressively enhances) and add a responsive nav.
- Hamburger menu on small screens: links collapse into a clean, uniform
dropdown list (plain rows + separators, no out-of-place boxed buttons);
full inline nav with boxed CTA returns at >=720px. Auto-wired for every page.
- Fix horizontal-overflow root causes: min-width:0 on grid/flex code containers,
pre/sig scroll internally, long names wrap (overflow-wrap). 0 page overflow on
every page type at 375px.
- Stack layouts on mobile: single-column hero/features/steps/index grid,
column parameter cards, 2-col color swatches; multi-column returns on wider
screens. Reduced hero/section padding; fluid clamp() headings.
- Hover cards gated to hover-capable devices so a tap just navigates.
- Desktop layout preserved (verified at 1280px: inline nav, 2-col hero, 3-col
features, no regression).
Verified in-browser at 375px and 1280px across landing, API index, item
(method/keyword/annotation/phase), namespace overview, and color pages.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Rebuild the API Reference around one page per symbol and richer, verified content.
Pages & navigation
- One HTML page per symbol (kw-*, type-*, phase-*, screen-*, fn-*, annot-*, op-*)
instead of a single scrolling page; namespace overview pages (ns-screen …
ns-color) and a searchable index (api.html) with client-side fuzzy search.
- Sticky-header scroll offset (scroll-margin) so a jumped-to entry/param/color is
never hidden, plus a flash highlight on the scrolled-to target.
Deep linking in every snippet & example
- Namespace members split: `Screen`→namespace page, `fill_rectangle`→method page;
`Color`→palette page, `Charcoal`→its swatch — separately.
- Named arguments (`width:`) link to that parameter's anchor on the method page.
- Hover any token for a summary card built from the real API data (symbols.json).
Content & coverage
- Full authoritative surface documented from the compiler: every keyword, type,
the 6 phases (Start/Input/FixedUpdate/Update/LateUpdate/Render, each its own
page), all 22 annotations, namespace methods with parameter docs, builtins,
the world_* reflection ABI, networking, operators — 155 symbols.
- Longer, clearer explanations; "model"/"model instance" terminology, not "entity";
descriptive identifiers in every example (Position{column,row}, Velocity{delta_x,
delta_y}, Health{current,maximum}, Player/Enemy) — no Pos/Seg/x/dx.
- Accuracy fixes from compiler ground-truth: world_count() takes no arg,
world_query_next(property, cursor) arg order, event fields bind by name; dropped
`when` and `module` (not in the self-hosted parser).
Tooling
- inventory.json + check.py: coverage guard (every symbol has a page), duplicate-
token guard, and broken-link guard — fail CI so docs can't drift.
- validate.py: compiles every ```ludic example against bin/ludicc (158 compile).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Sourced from the compiler's confirmed builtin set and NETWORKING-DESIGN.md, so
the reference reflects the current language surface. 93 -> 104 symbols.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
node:20-bookworm (the runner image) has no python3 and setup-python could not
resolve; run the pure-Python generator in a python image and git-clone the
public repo instead of relying on node-based actions.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Replace the hardcoded landing page and minimal reference with a generated
documentation site driven by a single source of truth.
- docs/language/**: one file per symbol (93 keywords/types/builtins/namespace
methods/operators/annotations), each with front-matter (id, kind, tokens,
sig, tip) + description + a ```ludic example. Seeded by exploding the former
inline SECTIONS list; these files are now the source of truth.
- docs/site/: site.json (editable hero/features/showcase/messaging, not
hardcoded) + snippets/*.ludic (real programs shown on the landing page).
- tools/docgen/gen.py: generates index.html, api.html, ludic-highlight.js and
symbols.json. The highlighter's symbol tables, hover tips and jump anchors
are GENERATED from the per-symbol files — add a symbol and it is recognized,
tipped and linked in every snippet automatically. Python stdlib only.
- tools/docgen/check.py: verifies the pages contract + that no snippet token
links to a missing reference anchor.
- .forgejo/workflows/docs.yml: rebuilds and publishes to the pages branch on
every push to main touching the docs sources.
Consumes the new Screen.*/Color.*/named-arg API and the 221-color palette.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
An opinionated, game-facing surface for the language:
- Color.<Name>: 221 named colors resolved to 0xRRGGBB at compile time
(selfhost/emit_color.ludic).
- Namespaced builtins Screen.* / Input.key / Random.* / Map.*, so calls read as
subject.action; present() -> Screen.show(), clear -> Screen.clear,
fill_rect -> Screen.fill_rectangle, etc.
- Named arguments, e.g. Screen.fill_rectangle(x:, y:, width:, height:, color:),
reordered to the callee's parameters at emit time.
- machine/become can run over a named program-scope var, not just a register.
- Migrate examples off numeric registers to named vars; snake/menu/chronorift
render byte-identical to the goldens and the bootstrap fixpoint is preserved.
- Regenerate the checked-in seed (selfhost/ludicc.seed.ll).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Implement the rest of NETWORKING-DESIGN.md (N2–N6) and eliminate every
`.c` file from the repo. clang remains only the LLVM-IR assembler; no C
is compiled anywhere.
Networking (selfhost/emit_net.ludic + parser/emit changes):
- N2 @Sync: per-model serialize/apply + by-kind dispatchers; POD-scalar
compile error and empty-participation warning; selective replication.
- N3 @Owned: @L_owner array + owner/set_owner/is_owner; owners snapshot.
- N4 @ToServer/@ToClients remote events: framed net_send + net_pump re-emit.
- N5 @Server/@Predicted role guards + drivable sim (tick_fixed/tick_render,
entry-owns-the-loop).
- Built-in loopback transport so multiplayer runs with zero foreign code;
extern fn net_send/net_poll still overrides it for a real socket.
- N6 blessed runtime (examples/net_rt.ludic) + end-to-end demo (net_demo).
- Fix: llty("entity") is now i32 (entities are i32 handles), so let e = self().
C elimination:
- Networking + foreign-mod-ABI tests rewritten as self-contained pure-Ludic
programs (examples/net_*, world_*, mod_events, scoped); tests/ removed.
- Reflection ABI exposed to Ludic as world_* builtins (Ludic-to-Ludic modding).
- Formatter rewritten C→Ludic: tools/ludic-tools/fmt.ludic.
- Language server rewritten C→Ludic: tools/ludic-tools/lsp.ludic (lexer, index
parser, cross-file workspace resolver, JSON, all LSP handlers).
- Obsolete migrate_*.c codemods deleted; ludic_syntax.h kept as vocabulary data.
Suites: ./test.sh 44/44, ./tools/test-tools.sh 28/28 (LSP 42/42), fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Groups B and C of the leftover-primitive cleanup — renames, not new machinery,
and deliberately NO unsafe_ prefix (a __-prefix is itself a C convention, and an
`unsafe` marker carries no signal in a fully-manual-memory language with no safe
subset to contrast against).
memory: mem_free -> free mem_realloc -> resize mem_set -> fill
ptr_add -> offset
process: os_argc -> arg_count os_arg -> arg os_exit -> exit
os_system -> run os_getenv -> getenv read_byte -> read_char
dead: mem_copy, os_time, write_byte (0 uses) — deleted
Two reseeds: accept both old and new names in the intrinsic dispatch, then
migrate every call site and drop the old names. file_open/read/write/seek/tell/
close are left as-is — they're the domain-prefixed syscall layer wrapped by
read_file, not the argc/argv-style C-ness the audit targeted; a `File` type is a
separate, larger design if wanted.
test.sh's CLI smoke updated (os_exit -> exit); check-vocabulary's grammar marker
moved off the deleted names. Reseeded (22243 lines); C-free fixpoint holds;
goldens identical; 18/18; vocab + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The last peek/poke pairs were the same "typed buffer access wearing a C name" as
peek8/peek32, so they become indexing too:
peekf(sc_x, i) -> sc_x[i] (a `fixeds` buffer -> a fixed)
pokep(gc_bmp, s,b) -> gc_bmp[s] = b (a `ptrs` buffer -> a pointer)
str_len(s) -> len(s) (len is polymorphic since 7f; str_len was dead)
Two new element-typed buffers join words: `fixeds` (32-bit fixed) and `ptrs`
(pointer, 8-byte stride). emit_index_addr dispatches on the base type; IR is
byte-identical to the old intrinsics.
The peekf/peekp buffers (ed_x0/ed_x1/ol_x/sc_x fixed coords; gc_bmp/img_px/
tt_data/ui_text pointer arrays) were retyped scope-aware, then the 33 sites
migrated to indexing. Two bugs found via a menu golden diff / a link-time type
error and fixed: the buffer-name regex truncated digit suffixes (ed_x0 -> ed_x),
and the char-literal brace-miscount skipped a few module declarations (same class
as 7j).
Reseeded (22371 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens byte-identical; 18/18;
vocab (fixeds/ptrs types in, 5 intrinsics out) + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Allocation reads as intent, not malloc:
mem_alloc(64) -> bytes(64) (64 bytes -> a byte buffer)
mem_alloc(w * h * 4) -> words(w * h) (w*h 32-bit words)
bytes(n) mallocs n bytes and returns a plain pointer (byte-indexed); words(n)
mallocs n*4 bytes and returns a `words` pointer (int-indexed). Since words(X) and
mem_alloc(X*4) allocate the identical number of bytes, the migration cannot change
any allocation size — the `* 4` factor just moves from the argument into the
allocator name, pairing naturally with the Phase-7j `words` retyping
(`var fb: words = words(w * h)`).
Migrated 102 sites (mem_alloc(E*4) -> words(E), else bytes(E)); deleted the
mem_alloc intrinsic. mem_realloc/free/copy/set stay as the low-level
reallocation/free family. Reseeded (22565 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens
byte-identical; 18/18; vocab + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
32-bit word access is indexing now, not peek32/poke32:
peek32(ui_rx, i) -> ui_rx[i] (reads an int)
poke32(rt_fb, i, c) -> rt_fb[i] = c (writes an int)
A buffer typed `words` (a pointer whose elements are i32) indexes with `w[i]`
as a full int; a plain `ptr`/`str` keeps byte indexing. emit_index_addr picks the
element type from the base's type — byte-identical IR to the old intrinsics, so
the migration reproduces the compiler and every golden render exactly.
The ~60 word buffers (rt_fb, tt_*/gc_* font tables, png_px/spr_px pixels, ui_*
layout arrays) were retyped from `ptr` to `words` scope-aware (per-function, so
the s/out/p byte-vs-word name collisions across functions stay correct), then the
254 peek32/poke32 sites migrated to indexing. A scope-analysis miss left 12
buffers (gc_*, sc_d, ui_rx/ui_ry) un-retyped — caught as a menu golden diff and
fixed. No true mixed byte+word access exists on any one variable, so a per-buffer
element type is sound.
Reseeded (22527 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens byte-identical; 18/18;
vocab (byte/words types in, peek32/poke32 out) + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Raw byte access is now indexing, not C-style peek/poke:
peek8(src, i) -> src[i] (reads a byte, widened to int)
poke8(out, j, r) -> out[j] = r (narrows the int to a byte)
E_INDEX on a non-slice pointer/string lowers to a `getelementptr i8` + load/zext
(read) or trunc/store (write) — byte-identical to the old peek8/poke8, so the
migration reproduces the compiler exactly. A "byte" element type (llty i8) drives
the widen/narrow. The compiler's own byte work now reads naturally, e.g.
`is_slice_ty` is `t[0] == 91 and t[1] == 93`.
Subtlety fixed on the way: g_addr_ty (the out-param carrying the indexed element
type) must be set AFTER evaluating the index expression, since a member/index in
the index would otherwise clobber it — doing it early made a byte read load a
full pointer from a byte address and crash the self-compile.
Two reseeds: add byte-index support keeping peek8/poke8, then migrate 148 call
sites and delete the intrinsics (+ the now-dead emit_gep_i8). Vocabulary drops
peek8/poke8. Reseeded (22604 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens identical;
18/18; vocab clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`s[a..b]` is a fresh substring of the bytes [a, b) — the modern, end-based form
of the C-style `substr(s, start, count)`:
substr(src, start, i - start) -> src[start..i]
substr(t, 2, len(t) - 2) -> t[2..len(t)]
substr(src, i, 2) -> src[i..i + 2]
Mechanics: a new E_SLICE postfix (`base[lo..hi]`, distinct from `base[i]`
indexing) lowers to a @fn_str_slice prelude (malloc + copy + terminate), emitted
once into any program that slices. Two reseeds: add the syntax + prelude, then
migrate the 22 substr calls and delete substr. The migrator recognises the
common `count == end - start` shape and emits the clean `s[start..end]` rather
than `s[start..start + (end - start)]`.
examples/strings.ludic gains slicing (now prints 1..9). Reseeded (22673 lines);
C-free fixpoint holds; goldens identical; 18/18; vocab + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Answering your readability point directly: the compiler's own string-building —
left uglier by the 7c `+` migration, e.g. `emit_bind(("load i32, ptr " + ip))` —
now reads as interpolation:
emit_bind(("load i32, ptr " + ip)) -> emit_bind(`load i32, ptr {ip}`)
emit_bind(("icmp eq i32 " + (kv + (", " + itoa(ak)))))
-> emit_bind(`icmp eq i32 {kv}, {itoa(ak)}`)
perr(("assign to unknown " + t.s)) -> perr(`assign to unknown {t.s}`)
164 concat chains across selfhost converted by a tool that flattens the `+` tree,
keeps call/index parens (only grouping parens are rewritten), and converts only
**brace-free** literals — LLVM IR structure strings full of `{`/`}` stay as `+`
rather than becoming awkward `{{`/`}}`. No new language surface; interpolation
already desugars to the same concat.
Reseeded (22565 lines); C-free fixpoint holds byte-for-byte (the strongest proof
the reconstruction is exact); goldens identical; 18/18.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`len` is now polymorphic — a slice's element count OR a string's byte length —
so the C-style `slen` (strlen) is gone: `slen(name)` -> `len(name)`. emit_len
branches on the operand type (slice header vs @strlen). Two reseeds: add the
string branch, then migrate the 19 slen calls and delete slen.
Reseeded (22565 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens identical; 18/18; vocab +
doc-fences clean. (String slicing s[a..b] to replace substr is deferred to its
own phase.)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
One `print` instead of two C-style names: `print(x)` writes an int OR a string
followed by a newline, dispatching on the operand type (int -> %d, string ->
%s). `print(int)` emits byte-identically to the old print_int, so every existing
call and every smoke-test output is unchanged.
print_str was only ever the raw IR-to-stdout dump in ir_flush (no newline), which
is not "printing a line" — so it now uses file_write to a new file_stdout()
stream, keeping the emitted IR byte-for-byte identical. That frees `print` to
have consistent always-newline semantics.
Two reseeds: (A) add print + str + file_stdout keeping the intrinsics; (B)
migrate the 61 print_int calls to print, ir_flush to file_write(file_stdout()),
and delete print_int/print_str (+ the now-dead @.fmt_str). str(x) (the
interpolation converter from 7d) is now also a documented standalone builtin.
Vocabulary: print/str/file_stdout in, print_int/print_str out (ludic_syntax.h,
grammar, LudicTokens.kt). LANGUAGE.md updated. Reseeded (22551 lines); C-free
fixpoint holds; goldens identical; 18/18; vocab + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The readable way to build strings, as you noted `{a} {b}` beats `a + " " + b`.
A backtick string embeds any expression in `{…}` and desugars to the Phase-7c
`+` chain, wrapping each hole in `str(...)`:
`hello {name}, n={count + 1}`
== "hello " + name + ", n=" + str(count + 1)
- Lexer: a backtick captures its content raw as TK_INTERP.
- Parser: parse_interp splits literal runs from `{…}` holes (brace-depth aware,
`{{`/`}}` escape to literal braces), re-lexes each hole as a full expression
(save/restore toks/pi like an import), and folds it all into E_BIN(+) nodes —
so no new AST or runtime beyond the existing concat.
- str(x): a string passes through; int/bool/fixed convert via a small emitted
@fn_int_str prelude (digits from the end of a buffer, '-' for negatives),
emitted once into any program that uses it.
examples/strings.ludic gains interpolation cases (now prints 1..7); the smoke
covers it. Grammar + ludic_syntax.h tokenize backtick strings (holes highlighted
as embedded code). LANGUAGE.md documents it as the preferred form.
Reseeded (22530 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens identical; 18/18; vocab +
doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Strings are values now: `a + b` concatenates and `a == b` / `a != b` compare by
content, replacing the 605 `sconcat(...)` / `streq(...)` calls that made the
compiler read like C.
streq(name, "let") -> name == "let"
sconcat("load ", reg) -> "load " + reg
sconcat(a, sconcat(b, c)) -> a + b + c
Implementation: emit_bin gains a string path. Strings are pointer-typed, so any
`+` with a pointer operand concatenates and `==`/`!=` between pointers compares
content — except when one side is the `null` literal, which stays a pointer
identity test (the only two kinds of pointer `==` in the codebase). Both call a
small hand-written IR prelude, @fn_str_eq / @fn_str_concat, emitted once into any
program that uses string ops (so it works for tools, games and the compiler with
no runtime-splice dependency and no duplicate symbols).
Delivered as two reseeds: (A) add the operators + prelude with the full
pointer-aware dispatch, keeping streq/sconcat; (B) migrate every call site
(354 lines, via a string-literal-safe balanced-paren script that leaves the
function definitions alone) and delete streq/sconcat. examples/strings.ludic +
a test.sh smoke (prints 1 2 3 4 5) guard it.
Reseeded (21890 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens byte-identical; 18/18;
vocab + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`null` is now a real pointer literal and null-tests are comparisons, instead of
`ptr_null()` and `ptr_is_null(x)`:
ptr_null() -> null
ptr_is_null(x) -> (x == null)
not ptr_is_null(x) -> (x != null)
Mechanics: a new E_NULL primary (`null`, like true/false) lowers to the `null`
pointer; emit_bin's comparison path now picks `ptr` vs `i32` from operand type
(via llty), so `==`/`!=` work on any pointer/record/slice. The two intrinsics are
deleted.
Two reseeds: (A) add the literal + ptr comparison keeping the intrinsics; (B)
migrate all 182 call sites (compiler + runtime, via a balanced-paren script that
skips string-literal args and rewrites `not ptr_is_null` to `!= null`) and delete
the intrinsics. Node/Val/Buf/Tok field defaults now read `ptr = null`.
Vocabulary drops the two from LUDIC_INTRINSICS; `null` joins true/false as a
language constant (grammar + ludic_syntax.h). LANGUAGE.md notes the literal.
Reseeded (21664 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens identical; 17/17; vocab +
doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
First step of the "stop feeling like C" pass. Bitwise ops were functions
(`band(x, MASK)`, `shl(a, 3)`); they are now real operators:
band -> & bor -> | bxor -> ^ shl -> << shr -> >> bnot -> ~
Precedence is Go-style so the C footgun is gone: `<<`/`>>`/`&` bind like `*`,
`|`/`^` like `+`, both tighter than comparison — `flags & MASK == 0` parses as
`(flags & MASK) == 0`. `>>` is logical (lshr), matching the old `shr`.
Mechanics: lexer tokenizes `<< >> & | ^ ~`; p_mul takes `<< >> &`, p_add takes
`| ^`, p_unary takes `~`; emit_bin routes them through the existing int arith
path (arith_code gains and/or/xor/shl/lshr) and E_UN handles `~`. The six
intrinsics are deleted.
Delivered as two reseeds: (A) add the operators keeping the intrinsics, (B)
migrate every call site to operator form (85 lines across compiler + runtime,
via a balanced-paren call->operator script; two multi-line big-endian reads in
image/truetype done by hand) and delete the intrinsics. Vocabulary drops the six
from LUDIC_INTRINSICS (ludic_syntax.h, grammar, LudicTokens.kt) and the grammar
gains a bitwise-operator rule. LANGUAGE.md precedence table rewritten.
Reseeded (21724 lines); C-free fixpoint holds; goldens byte-identical (the PNG
and TrueType decoders lean on these ops); 17/17; vocab + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Bindings now signal mutability the way Rust/Swift do, instead of `let` meaning
"local" and `var` meaning "module-level":
- `let x = e` -> immutable binding; a later `x = …` is a compile error
(`cannot assign to immutable 'x' … use var`).
- `var x = e` -> mutable binding, at local OR module scope (position decides
scope; the keyword decides mutability).
- `const` -> unchanged (compile-time).
Immutability is of the *binding*, not the object: `let n = new Node; n.kind = 1`
is fine (mutation through the reference); only rebinding `n` is rejected. The
check lives in emit_assign — a direct `name =` whose target is a `let` local
(loc_mut == 0) errors; field/index targets and `var`/param/loop bindings are
unaffected.
Delivered as three reseeds so the self-hosting compiler never had to compile
source its own rules would reject:
A) add `var` as a local statement + per-local mutability tracking (loc_mut),
no enforcement;
B) migrate every reassigned `let` -> `var` across the compiler, runtime and
examples (337 declarations), driven by a per-function, string/comment-aware
scan (binding targets only, never `x.f =` / `x[i] =`);
C) turn on the check. bootstrap-cfree (compiler vs its own source) and every
golden build (which splices the runtime) then proved zero reassigned `let`
was missed anywhere.
Also folded in: removed leftover debug instrumentation in block() (a `cur=` /
print_int(777…) trace on the separator-error path) and fixed parse.ludic's stale
header comment (no more `struct`). Reseeded (21711 lines); C-free fixpoint holds;
goldens identical; 17/17; vocab + doc-fences clean.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
