A reference from a module that declares uses into a module it does not
name is refused, exported or not, naming the use and the fix. A module
with no uses clause keeps the old rule; a package's module is always
usable; a friend is not held to it; a cycle in the declared graph is
refused; LUDIC_VIS_REPORT=1 lists the violations as uses: lines. Reseed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The compiler turns a component declaration into:
- a record of its props and state;
- a constructor, a props setter, a model and a call;
- a class, registered with ludic.ui at start.
Its template and styles are read from beside it and compiled in, with @import inlined, and a
missing template fails the build.
In the runtime:
- each mounted instance keeps its own props and state, and `set` in a template writes the state;
- styles are scoped to the component;
- class, style and id on a component's tag land on its root, styled by the parent's sheet too;
- ui_reload re-reads a component's files from disk and keeps instances.
The package's own module is now ludic_ui, so a program may call a directory of its own ui.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A `view Name { field = x; function q(..); on e(..) }` declaration is the one bridge between a
program and its UI: it writes view_<name>() -> UiView, whose model is a Value of every field and
whose call runs a query or an event by name.
ludic.ui is a template runtime:
- HTML-shaped XML screens and components, loaded at run time;
- {expression} bindings, if/else/each, props, slots, per-instance state;
- on-press / onclick actions (event, set, emit);
- component libraries (export="true", <import src as>).
Styling:
- stylesheets in <style> or importable .lss files (@import);
- CSS selectors (#id, .class, [attr=v], descendant and > combinators, :hover, :disabled,
:first-child, :last-child, :nth-child, :not) weighed by specificity;
- the box model and flex under CSS's property names.
Also:
- default parameters, and positional-then-named calls;
- Value gains a float kind;
- a function shadowing a runtime one is refused;
- an index is evaluated before the slice is read;
- runtime errors name the right file.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
registry NAME of RECORD [as PREFIX] from "file.lres" fills a registry from a data
file of key { field: value } entries, read at compile time with the record as its
schema: every entry is checked like a def, errors name the resource file's line,
nested records and lists of them are bare { } / [{ }] typed by their fields, and
values are expressions in the registry's module. The entries are compiled in, so
nothing parses at start-up and a build that succeeds has validated its resources.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
registry NAME of RECORD [as PREFIX] is a global table; def NAME key { ... } in
any file is one entry, collected in source order and filled before any code
runs. Each entry gets an index constant (PREFIX_KEY), the table PREFIX_COUNT,
and a record with a key field gets it filled and a NAME_find(key). A record
literal naming a field its record lacks is now an error everywhere; a global's
initializer is lowered as its own file's code (its errors, and what its module
may see, were whichever statement came last).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The typed buffers are slices: words/floats/fixeds/doubles/pointers(n) make
zeroed, bounds-checked []int/[]float/... and the type names mean them. buffer(n)
is a []byte, with text_of, Fs.read_bytes/write_bytes and view(xs, start, n).
bytes(), indexing a raw pointer or bytes, free, resize, Memory.*, raw file calls,
data_of and C externs are refused outside unsafe { } / unsafe function, and a
project's own files may write unsafe only with --unsafe; the runtime and packages
are the platform. A slice passed to an extern goes as its data.
What the change found: Sync's atomics on a slice header, words(n) uninitialised,
input's fixed axes in ints, truetype's fixed outlines as ints, skin matrices
typed int, gl_shader's source table made from raw bytes. render3d gets safe
entry points (safe_api.ludic). Rendering is byte-identical; a frame costs the same.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`alias meth(labels) = target` in a namespace block makes Ns.meth a call to
target with those labels (the target's own parameter names without a list). The
engine's 41 table-driven namespaces - 438 methods: Http, Udp, Process, Json,
Value, Screen, Input, Audio, World, Tiled, ... - leave emit_ns_call for
runtime/native/namespaces.ludic, spliced into every program; 532 lines of
compiler go and the seed shrinks by 23k lines of IR. The game's IR is byte
identical. The checker checks an alias call's arguments against its target.
Still built in: the inline namespaces (Math, Text, List, Vector, Color, Time,
Date, ...) and the methods that pick a target by argument type.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
property Pool<T> { ... }, function first<T>(xs: []T) -> T, map<T, U> over fn
types; a type writes an instance as Pool<Thing>, nested as deep as needed. The
parser names an instance Pool$Thing and remembers its generic and arguments; the
checker takes the generic declarations out, infers a call's type arguments from
its arguments or its result's declared slot, and makes each instance once as an
ordinary record or function, checked like any other. Errors print Pool<Thing>.
An instance keeps its generic's module and export (L3). ludic-fmt keeps type
arguments together while spacing comparisons and shifts.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
selfhost/check/ walks every function, the entry, tests, globals' initializers and
@On listeners with real scopes, and refuses mixed number kinds, text and numbers,
two record types, mismatched slices and fn types, wrong argument counts, wrong
returns and wrong push elements - every mix-up at once, each at its line.
LUDIC_CHECK_REPORT=1 lists them by category. pointer stays untyped (L7's).
What it found is fixed: render3d's HDR scan calling the float-bits extern f_lt
with floats; ludic.shooter's right-stick aim overflowing past half a push;
prof.ludic storing longs in []int; extern arguments now coerced to their
parameters. Text-returning runtime functions say string; Assets.ready says bool.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A barrel's 'module NAME' makes its directory a module; a declaration other modules
use says 'export'. Private use from another module is an error naming the module
and where to mark it; 'friend module' sees everything (a test harness); a file in
no module is public and a package keeps its own module. LUDIC_VIS_REPORT=1 lists
every violation instead of stopping, so a codebase can be given its exports first.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
fn(int, float) -> bool is a type, fn name is any top-level function's value, and a call through
a local, a global, a record field, a slice element, a parameter or a result of a function type
is an indirect call; two function types mix only when equal, a call checks its argument count,
and a value may be null (examples/functions/values.ludic). Job.parallel_for keeps its worker
check.
render3d's scene is registered rather than required by name: r3d_on_draw, r3d_on_casters and
r3d_on_stream_fill (hooks.ludic). The two rendering examples register theirs - and had defined
scene_draw_casters with no parameter while the renderer passed one, which nothing checked.
render3d declares numbers float itself; smooth.ludic is converted to floats and returns when
r3d_init fails instead of running on into a segfault. Noise.* check their argument count (a call
one short crashed the compiler). selfhost-build says why it failed. The migration tool reads a
declared float as evidence. Seed regenerated.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Process.spawn/poll/kill/free - non-blocking child processes with no shell: posix_spawn on
macOS (process.ll), CreateProcessW with MSVC-quoted arguments and no console window on
Windows (process_win.ll), linked only when a program uses Process.*.
Http.save_to streams a response body into a file (NSURLSession with a run-time delegate
class on macOS, the WinHTTP read loop on Windows); Http.received / Http.expected report
progress while it is pending. Freeing a pending request cancels it and parks the slot
until the worker has finished.
App.window_hide / App.window_show take the game's window off the screen and back without
closing it; the run goes on while hidden. Docs, examples, tests and a changeset.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Udp.open/port/send/recv/from_ip/from_port/close/resolve/local_ip/ip/ip_text, native
BSD sockets (udp.ll) and Winsock (udp_win.ll, -lws2_32), linked only when a program
uses Udp.*; example, docs and tests.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`float` (32-bit) and `double` (64-bit) with + - * / %, comparisons and unary minus.
Decimal literals take their type from context and stay `fixed` elsewhere; int and long
promote implicitly (LUDIC_WARN_FLOAT_PROMOTE=1 lists every promotion). float(), double(),
int(), long() and fixed() convert; floats(n)/doubles(n) buffers; float fields, globals,
constants and parameters; Math.* computes in float for float arguments; string/print
write the shortest round-tripping decimal; float_bits/float_from_bits expose the bits.
@deterministic code may not use floats. The f_* runtime helpers stay as they are.
Editors know the new type words; the JetBrains plugin is 1.5.0.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- JetBrains plugin 1.4.0: semantic colours (builtin / vendor / own), template strings,
brace handling, run configurations and a test console, package.ludic and
package.lock.ludic editing (completion, docs, app preview, colour previews, asset
navigation), External Libraries for the runtime and packages, doc pages for built-ins
- ludic-lsp: go to definition for imports, document links, hover with inferred types,
type definition, signature help with parameters, docs from docs/language
- `import "dir"` resolves a barrel `dir/index.ludic`
- package.ludic `entry`, `script` and `hook before|after <command>`; `ludic <script>`,
`ludic script`, `ludic scripts`
- `ludic test --verbose` and `--test NAME`; the test runner filters by name
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The Windows runtime keyed the held set by the character MapVirtualKeyA gave a
virtual key, so a game's WASD belonged to whatever the active layout put there,
and with an input method on every letter arrived as VK_PROCESSKEY. The typing
block is now read from the scancode (the arrows, numpad and F-keys still by
virtual key); macOS reads keyCode the same way. Input.key_label(key) names a key
in the player's own layout (Windows) or as its US character elsewhere.
Verified on Windows with SendInput into a live window: VK_Z carrying W's scancode
holds 'w', VK_PROCESSKEY carrying A's holds 'a', Caps Lock changes nothing.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`fn name` read `while p < fn and ...` as a reference to a function called `and`, which broke
tools/ludic-cli/glgen.ludic and so the dev tool's own build. A reference now needs the name on
the same line and not one of and / or / not / in / is. The threads example checks `fn` as a
local before `and`. Reseeded; bootstrap-cfree reproduces the seed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- `fn name` names a top-level function as a value (E_FNREF, lowers to @fn_<name>); the worker
entry point for Job.parallel_for, which checks it takes (int, pointer-like) and returns void.
- runtime/native/threads.ll (pthreads) and threads_win.ll (Win32 SRWLOCK/CONDITION_VARIABLE): a
pool of one worker per core but one, parked between batches; every thread claims chunks by
compare-and-swap. Linked only into programs that use Job/Promise/Sync, by `ludicc -o`,
`ludic build` and the test suite's build helper.
- Sync.* is real: native mutexes, atomics as cmpxchg retry loops (neither clang takes atomicrw,
the PC's rejects seq_consistent), mutex-guarded channels, Sync.cpu_count from the OS.
- spawn/despawn on a pool thread stop the program with a located panic.
- examples/library/threads.ludic and its test; docs for fn, Job.parallel_for, Job.is_worker.
- Reseeded (bootstrap-cfree: out.ll == seed.ll). 141/141 on macOS; jobs, threads and the guard
pass on Windows from the reseeded Windows seed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
ludic-dev vkgen reads vk.xml into runtime/native/vk_api.ludic (constants, every struct's
<Struct>_sizeof and <Struct>_<field> offsets, one extern per command) and vk_thunks.ll.
Every size and offset was compiled against the SDK's C headers; `ludic-dev test` checks the
tracked files against the registry wherever the Vulkan SDK is installed.
vk_win.ll (vulkan-1.dll) and vk_mac.ll (libvulkan.1.dylib, MoltenVK) open the loader at run
time, so a program built with Vk.* starts on a machine without Vulkan. ludicc and ludic
build link both for any program that uses Vk.*. The seeds are regenerated for the new
compiler.
vk_probe reports what a machine's Vulkan can do; vk_compute dispatches a Slang compute
shader and reads the picture back, clean under the validation layer on an RTX 3070 Ti and
on an M4 Pro through MoltenVK.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
--target <triple> (default: the host, from OS=Windows_NT) selects the Windows
runtime. emit_win.ludic defines the POSIX names the backend already calls over
the UCRT and Win32 in IR, so rename replaces an existing file, ftell is 64-bit,
and fopen is binary. Known folders follow %APPDATA% / %LOCALAPPDATA% / %TEMP%,
and the driver speaks cmd.exe, writes .exe outputs and finds LLVM's clang.
Verified: macOS three-stage fixpoint, ludic-dev test 135/135, and on Windows
the Mac-emitted Windows IR and the Windows-built compiler's IR are identical
through two generations.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`Gl.*` binds the whole OpenGL 4.1 core API — every entry point of the
platform gl3.h with every GL_* constant, generated by `ludic-dev glgen`
with per-call ABI thunks. Windowed builds get an NSOpenGLContext on the
existing window at Retina resolution; headless builds render into an
offscreen CGL context, so a program that uses Gl.* renders and
screenshots identically under the test harness. It links gl.ll, the
thunks and OpenGL.framework only when used; every other build stays
byte-identical.
packages/ludic.render3d is a physically based renderer written on that
surface: HDRI image-based lighting, GPU-generated terrain with scanned
PBR materials, CDLOD, cascaded shadows, glTF with skinning, instanced
vegetation with impostors, procedural grass, water, SSAO, and an HDR
pipeline with bloom, auto-exposure and ACES.
It also carries this session's work on it: the terrain at half its cost
(10.3 -> 5.4 ms of frame), the streaming hitch that got worse the longer
you played, a resize that emptied the world, and the packaging that lets
a game use the renderer from its own repository — `ludic assets`, the
material manifest shipping with the package, and shader lookup falling
back to the install root. See changes/ for each, with its numbers.
The camping game that drove all of it has moved out to its own
repository, Maroon Lake; examples/rendering/smooth.ludic stays as the
renderer's example here.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The engine runtime and the bundled ludic.* packages belong to the toolchain,
not to the project, so the compiler has to know where the toolchain lives. It
derived that from the directory the binary sits in, which is `bin` — so an
in-repo build only found runtime/native/cocoa.ll when the caller set
LUDIC_HOME=., and an installed compiler had no way to find it at all.
ludic_home() derives it properly instead: $LUDIC_HOME when set, else the
binary's directory with a trailing `bin/` stripped, else a $PATH scan for
argv[0] (an install is invoked by bare name, which carries no directory). Both
layouts that exist then have the same shape — ~/.ludic/{bin,runtime,packages}
and a repo checkout — so the same rule serves both and LUDIC_HOME becomes an
override rather than a requirement.
`import "ludic.core/…"` also falls back to $LUDIC_HOME/packages, after the
project's own ludic_modules/, so a project that has not fetched its own copy
gets the packages that shipped with the toolchain instead of a symlink farm.
The `ludic` multi-call name is dropped from the compiler: that name now belongs
to the CLI, and --run is the flag it drives.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- `[a, b, c]` list literals (E_LIST → emit_list); static_type learns
slice-element, `new T`, list, string and literal kinds
- `x op= y` lowers through the same path as `x = x op y` (emit_bin_vals):
fixed `*=`/`/=` use the Q16.16 64-bit paths, string `+=` concatenates,
int→long widens; unary `-` keeps a fixed operand's type (arith_ty)
- one `unescape()` table for "strings", 'chars' and `interpolation`;
`'\''`, `'\\'`, `'\"'` no longer read as 0; unterminated char literals
and unexpected characters are errors instead of silently skipped
- every diagnostic is `file:line: error: msg` (g_parse_file / g_err_file,
Node.file + Node.line set by node()); tok_desc() in expectation errors;
duplicate `function` names and unknown `phase` names are reported in
source terms (phase_id used to default unknown phases to Overlay)
- interpolation holes skip braces inside string literals
- hand-IR preludes move from the user `@fn_` prefix to `@lp_` so a user
`is_ws` / `str_eq` / `path_join` no longer collides at link time
- `@ClearColor(expr)` accepts any constant expression; `Os.pid()` added
(docs page + inventory); `str_starts()` in support/str
- main.ludic: `else if` flag ladder, char literals, stale script comments
- examples/lang/operators.ludic covers all of the above; os.ludic covers
Os.pid; docs pages for Os.pid and the Overlay phase; ten changesets
- reseeded: selfhost/ludicc.seed.ll is the new compiler's own fixpoint
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Closes the two open issues and lands the pending unreleased batch:
- #90: `Sprite { atlas: 1 }` routes esys_sprite through atlas_draw_ex
(scale/flip/tint), so cell / cell_span / strip ids of any size draw
through the engine sprite-render system. examples/library/sprite_atlas
is the pixel-readback regression.
- #91: `become` from an @On(Event) listener / global handler / plain
function no longer segfaults the compiler; it emits @L_scene_leave()
(a dispatch on the live scene id) so the leaving scene's on-exit runs.
UI_* handles are readable from any code (widget table built on first
use). examples/library/scene_menus covers it.
- fix: a windowed `ludicc -o` build that reaches the audio runtime only
through the atlas/Assets preload import now links audio.ll +
AVFoundation (the audio backend link was gated on a game-level
Audio.* call, so any windowed game declaring Sprite failed to link).
- the hand-written "Unreleased" CHANGELOG section is converted to
changesets under changes/ so `x release` generates it.
- plus the batch: engine-driven retained UI + UiClicked event, Overlay
phase, TileSkin tilemap-render system, Key.* constants, Font/Ui/File
namespaces, Sprite.strip, prefabs, managers, countdown fields,
enum-typed machines, layer @Queries, ludic.prefs / ludic.dungeon
packages, Ai.seek pathing, Solids.solid2, cursor confine (mode 3)
fix, shooter centre-aim fix, reserved-word function diagnostic.
Verified: x test (124/124), x test-tools, check-impl, check-vocabulary,
check-docs, docs-gen + docs-check, bootstrap-cfree (seed is a fixpoint).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`namespace Name { export function foo(...) ... internal function bar(...) ... }`
declares a Name.* namespace once and controls its public surface declaratively,
instead of annotating every function with @Namespace(Name). Inside the block
each `function short(...)` is emitted as `namelower_short`; export (the default)
makes it callable as Name.short(...), internal keeps it a private helper
(emitted, callable by short name from siblings — calls are rewritten — but
Name.internalOne() is a compile error). Block sugar for the per-function
@Namespace annotation; a package's public API reads at a glance. Namespaces
declared the old way are unchanged (gameplay_foundation still passes).
namespace added to LUDIC_KW_DECL + JetBrains/TextMate + docs page + inventory
(vocab/impl/docs checks green). Example namespace_block (export + internal +
sibling calls + internal-visibility compile error verified). Full suite 116/0,
fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A windowed action game can hide the OS cursor and lock/confine the mouse to the
window. Input.cursor_mode(mode): 0 normal, 1 hidden (draw your own reticle),
2 locked (hidden + dissociated — the mouse feeds relative motion via
Input.mouse_dx/dy and Input.mouse_x/y is a clamped virtual cursor, FPS/twin-stick
aim), 3 confined (dissociated but visible; the mouse can't leave the window).
The platform auto-releases (shows + reconnects) while the window is not key
(Cmd-Tab) and on close, so the cursor is never left captured. Headless it is a
no-op (DCE'd).
Native macOS impl in cocoa.ll: [NSCursor hide]/[unhide] (ref-counted, toggled
only on change so the count stays balanced across focus changes),
CGAssociateMouseAndMouseCursorPosition, and CGGetLastMouseDelta for the relative
virtual cursor, behind a new win_cursor_mode intrinsic. Windowed-only behaviour
(not in the headless golden suite); example compiles headless and links
windowed. Full suite 115/0, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Sprite loading was a bare png_load — one file per 16x16 sprite, no way to load
one sheet and address a cell by grid coords or name. Adds a Sprite.*/Assets.*
runtime (atlas.ludic) over the variable-size image loader, so a cell is a
sub-rect of the kept image and is NOT restricted to the 16x16 sprite table:
Sprite.sheet(path,cw,ch), Sprite.cell(sheet,col,row),
Sprite.cell_span(sheet,col,row,cols,rows) (a sprite may span >1 cell),
Sprite.define/named (name + lookup), Sprite.draw/draw_scaled (through
camera/zoom/clip like Screen.sprite), Sprite.width/height, and
Assets.image/load/get. Spliced on demand (Sprite.sheet/… or Assets.*), so a
program using neither is byte-identical.
Example examples/library/atlas.ludic (verified against a real 12x11 Kenney
sheet, incl. a 2x3 multi-cell span and named lookup). 14 docs pages. Full
suite 114/0, goldens byte-identical, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The compiler auto-splices runtime/native/* for any ECS game, but resolved it
relative to the build CWD, then fell back to the package module root
($LUDIC_MODULES) — forcing every external project to copy/symlink the engine
runtime into ludic_modules/. The runtime is part of the toolchain, not the
project: do_import now resolves a runtime/... import that isn't found locally
from $LUDIC_HOME (default: the compiler binary's dir — where cocoa.ll/audio.ll
already come from), before the module root. So ludic_modules/ holds only
third-party packages.
In-repo builds are byte-identical (the runtime resolves locally there, so the
$LUDIC_HOME fallback never fires; fixpoint holds). Verified by a hermetic test
that builds an ECS game from an external CWD with no runtime/ or ludic_modules/
under it, resolving the runtime from LUDIC_HOME. Full suite 113/0.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
#79 — Input.axis_i(neg,pos) -> int returns a -1/0/1 movement intent from the
multi-key device set, so WASD-to-movement needs no bool->int glue and feeds an
int mover directly (dx = Input.axis_i('a','d')).
#84 — a Bounds config entity (rect + policy, from ludic.core) drives the
engine-owned world-bounds system (LateUpdate): clamp / wrap / bounce (clamp +
flip Body velocity) / kill (despawn a body fully outside). Reads the Collider
size so the box stays inside; off by default, spliced only when Bounds is
declared (byte-identical otherwise). Adds World.despawn(e) — the by-id
reflective despawn (runs @OnDespawn + frees) via a new world_despawn intrinsic
whose @fn_world_despawn helper is emitted in emit_program's tail once a use is
seen (the g_uses_* prelude pattern), used by the kill policy and callable from
any system.
Examples input_movement + world_bounds. Full suite 112/0, goldens
byte-identical, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The engine already auto-ticks SpriteAnim/Motion; it now auto-DRAWS too.
Declare a Sprite component (id/offx/offy/scale/flip/tint/hidden, shipped from
ludic.core) on an entity with a Position and esys_sprite draws it each Render
frame — no hand-written Render handler, no hand animation (adds the SpriteAnim
frame when present). Registered on the engine-system registry (Render) and
spliced only when the game declares Sprite, so a game that never declares it
compiles byte-identically; opt out by omitting Sprite or `disable system
esys_sprite`.
Deprecates the bare draw_sprite/draw_sprite_scaled globals in favour of
Screen.sprite/Screen.sprite_scaled: a direct bare call emits a one-time
compile-time deprecation note (the bare form still lowers, since Screen.sprite
uses it); migrates the chronorift demo to the namespaced calls (golden render
byte-identical).
Example sprite_render (pixel-readback: engine draws the sprite, respects
hidden). Full suite 109/0, goldens byte-identical, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@ClearColor(0xRRGGBB) declares the framebuffer clear colour, so the engine
owns the per-frame clear and flip: the Render phase clears to the colour at
the top and presents after the handlers run. Games drop the repeated
Screen.clear(color)/Screen.show() boilerplate, and the colour is configured
declaratively (an annotation) rather than in the handler body. Opt-in and
backward-compatible: a program with no @ClearColor is byte-for-byte identical
(it clears/presents itself, or the light system owns the present).
Parser reads @ClearColor(int) into g_clear_color/g_has_clear_color;
emit_game_main emits rt_clear before and rt_present after the Render phase,
gated on the flag. Example clear_color (pixel-readback verified — an undrawn
pixel holds the clear colour, proving the engine cleared), docs page +
inventory entry. Full suite 108/0, goldens byte-identical, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Fixes the papercut: the generated frame loop called rt_poll() (feeding only
Input.key) but never input_poll(), so Input.active/key_down/mouse/pad read
empty unless the game called Input.poll() by hand. The loop now calls
input_poll() when the game uses any Input runtime method — committing the
held-key/mouse/gamepad state, and record/replay — and stores its return as the
frame key so Input.key still works. A game using no Input runtime keeps the
plain rt_poll path, byte-identical.
Adds the Input-Manager API: Input.action(name,key) ships a default binding
(kept if already bound, so a rebind/loaded map isn't clobbered),
Input.bind_pad(name,button) makes an action device-agnostic (keyboard OR pad),
and Input.active/just_pressed/just_released read the multi-key device layer
with clean on-press/on-release edges (deterministic, dispatch-free — a handler
polls the edge; a replay fires identically).
Examples input_manager + input_auto, 5 docs pages. Full suite 107/0, goldens
byte-identical, fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Shared building blocks for the builtin gameplay controllers (#57): the
ludic.gameplay source package (Cooldown timer, Stats + timed modifier stack,
Faction table, Combat damage pipeline with cancel/mutable hooks), plus the
compiler `disable system <esys_fn>` extensibility lever. Deterministic,
integer-only; C-free bootstrap fixpoint holds.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Infinite/chunked maps: <chunk x y width height> (TMX) and JSON chunks[]
(default 16x16) decode and flatten into the dense layer array, sized to the
chunk union; the map's 0/0 header dimensions fall back to the flattened bounds.
- .world stitching: Tiled.world / Tiled.world_count / Tiled.world_map read a
.world (JSON, reusing Json.parse) and list its member maps at their offsets.
- base64+zstd: a self-contained pure-Ludic Zstandard decompressor
(runtime/native/zstd.ludic, RFC 8878) — the design's "largest single item,
explicitly last". Frame header + raw/RLE/compressed blocks; raw/RLE and
direct-weight Huffman literals; the full FSE sequence path (predefined,
transcribed exactly from zstd's hardcoded tables since they're not rebuildable
from the default distributions; RLE; FSE-described) with repeat offsets and
execution. Decodes the low-entropy GID streams a tilemap produces; a high-
entropy FSE-compressed-Huffman-weights block fails cleanly with -1 rather than
emitting wrong bytes (documented scope).
Proven by library/tiled_p6.ludic (12 assertions): TMX + TMJ chunk flattening,
.world offsets, and a real zstd-compressed tile layer decoding byte-exactly to
its CSV baseline. x test: 97 passed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Object layers: all shapes (rectangle/ellipse/point/polygon/polyline/text) and
custom properties parse and are queryable — Tiled.object_count / Tiled.object /
Tiled.object_shape, and Tiled.prop / prop_int / prop_type over any object /
tile / layer / map.
- Custom types: Tiled.load_types reads an objecttypes.xml project custom-type
table so a class property resolves its default; enum values resolve as strings.
- Templates: Tiled.template reads a .tx/.tj, and Tiled.load merges each object's
`template` reference under the instance's overrides (field inheritance).
- Opt-in spawning: Tiled.spawn / Tiled.spawn_layer map an object's class +
properties onto Ludic components through the reflection ABI (Position from x/y,
each property to a like-named field). Off by default — no gameplay coupling in
the core load. Split into tiled_spawn.ludic, spliced only for a Tiled *game*
(the world table exists only under has_ecs), so a plain map-reading tool never
links against the reflection ABI.
Proven by library/tiled_p4.ludic (18 assertions) incl. the design's named
orthogonal-outside.tmx object shapes. x test: 95 passed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The three parsing primitives the TMX path needs that were not already in
the tree (zlib inflate + the JSON reader already shipped):
- Xml.* — a minimal, deterministic pure-Ludic XML reader for the
element/attribute/CDATA subset TMX/TSX/TX use, spliced on demand. Handles
nested elements, single/double-quoted attributes, text + <![CDATA[…]]>,
comments, the <?xml?> prolog and <!DOCTYPE>, the five predefined entities
and numeric character references.
- Base64.* — standard base64 (RFC 4648) decode + a matching pure-Ludic
encoder; the decoder ignores the whitespace Tiled wraps into <data>.
Splicing Base64.* also pulls in inflate.ludic so a plain tool can run the
full base64 -> zlib/gzip decode chain.
- z_gunzip — gzip framing (RFC 1952) over the existing DEFLATE inflater:
skip the 10-byte header + optional fields, inflate the body, ignore the
CRC32/ISIZE trailer.
Golden corpus vendored under assets/tiled-fixtures/ (mapeditor/tiled
examples, attributed, + hand-authored multi-encoding fixtures). New
example library/tiled_p0.ludic proves all three (21 assertions); docs
pages + inventory added so check-impl stays green.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Phase 0 of the gameplay-controller work (#57): turn the static Collision.*
overlap tests into a real physics-lite moving-body-with-collision layer that
the platformer / shooter / NPC-AI / RPG families build on.
New engine-owned system esys_move (runtime/native/systems_move.ludic), spliced
and Update-phase-registered when a game declares `Body` (parse.ludic), standing
entirely on the reflection ABI like the SpriteAnim / Motion / Light2D systems:
- Body { vx, vy, gravity, max_fall, rx, ry, policy, on_ground, hit_wall,
hit_ceiling } — Q16.16 velocity + engine-owned sub-pixel accumulators.
- Collider { w, h, offx, offy, is_trigger, one_way, layer, mask, hit, entered,
exited } — AABB shape off Position, layer/mask filtering, one-way + triggers.
- Solids { tile, wall, oneway } — optional config entity enabling the tile-grid
broadphase over the Map.* tilemap.
esys_move integrates velocity + gravity, then resolves per-axis swept AABB
against both solid Collider entities and the tile grid (no tunneling), handles
one-way platforms (block only a downward landing), reports trigger/sensor
overlaps without resolving, and sets on_ground / hit_wall / hit_ceiling for a
controller to poll. No float, no hidden singletons, no runtime dispatch —
integer + deterministic, so replay / lockstep / world_save hold. Contact is
surfaced as polled flags (the SpriteAnim.event_fired shape), so a game raises
its own CollisionResolved / TriggerEntered events with no engine coupling.
Two self-asserting examples (entity + tile broadphase) wired into `x test`;
docs added to the collision section. A build with no Body compiles byte-for-byte
the same (bootstrap fixpoint + all golden renders unchanged).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Registry-izes the two hooks that made stdlib namespaces and engine systems
compiler-hardcoded, so a package registers them with no compiler edit — the
Phase-1 prerequisite for shipping the controller libraries (#58–#61) as real
packages rather than in-repo stdlib.
- Engine systems are a data-driven registry (component, esys-fn, phase). The
core three (SpriteAnim/Motion — Update, Light2D — Render) are seeded in that
exact order, so uses_engine_systems / emit_engine_systems_for_phase are now
registry-driven with byte-identical output (verified: anim_ecs, light_ecs,
snake IR unchanged; 87/0 golden renders; C-free fixpoint holds). A package
appends with `@EngineSystem(Component, Phase)` on its esys function.
- Namespaces are a registry too: a package marks a provider with
`@Namespace(Foo)`, and emit_ns_call aliases an otherwise-unknown Foo.method to
the bare foo_method (the same generic path the core namespaces use) — after
every hardcoded core block, so core dispatch is untouched.
- Both annotations are keyword-free (like #64's @System), so no vocabulary /
grammar churn.
Proven end-to-end (hermetic, source path, runs everywhere): a package registers
Score + esys_score via @EngineSystem and coach_bonus via @Namespace; a consumer
game imports it and prints "4 99" — the engine system ran each Update and
Coach.bonus() dispatched, with no compiler edit for the package. Package suite
18/0.
Core stdlib namespaces stay on their optimized hardcoded blocks by design
(byte-identity + determinism); the generic path is proven to carry a namespace
and packages ride it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The runtime + compiler foundation for prebuilt binary packages, over the
existing reflection C-ABI (EV0–EV8 already gives dynamic components via
ludic_register_prop).
- ludic_register_system(fn, phase) + a registry the frame loop dispatches after
each phase's own handlers — the systems analogue of ludic_register_prop,
mirroring the EV6 foreign event-listener array. Emitted for every ECS program;
a zero-length registry means a non-hosting game is output-identical.
- --emit-module: compile a package to a position-independent module — no main,
no world table — that declares the host reflection ABI it calls and carries a
load-time constructor which registers its @System(Phase) functions and runs
module_init (where it registers its dynamic components). Built as a dylib with
-undefined dynamic_lookup, it binds ludic_* back to the host image at load.
- @System(Phase) annotation marks a module function as a runtime-registered
system; the compiler supplies its address (Ludic source cannot take one).
- The reflection ABI (world table) is now emitted for every ECS program, so any
game can host binary modules with no flag; unused defs dead-strip at -O2, so
golden renders stay byte-identical and the C-free bootstrap fixpoint holds.
Proven end-to-end: a module dylib registers a component + an Update system; a
host game that never saw its source links it and the system mutates the shared
world each frame. Full suite 87/0, test-tools 30/0, fixpoint intact.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Implements the v1 direction decided in the RFC as a set of `x` subcommands
plus a small, contained compiler change.
* URL-as-identity, no registry — a dependency is named by its git import
path and a `git tag vX.Y.Z` publishes a version.
* Minimum Version Selection — a `require` is a minimum; the resolver picks
the greatest required minimum per module, then the reachable closure at
those versions. Deterministic, no SAT solver (tools/x/pkg.ludic).
* Content-addressed global store + per-project links — packages live once in
~/.ludic/store keyed by a content hash; each project links them under
ludic_modules/. package.ludic (manifest) + package.lock.ludic (lock).
* Namespace registration for source packages via a module-root import
fallback in the compiler: do_import resolves a non-local, non-absolute
import under $LUDIC_MODULES (default ludic_modules/), so a fetched
package's Ludic compiles into the consumer the way the built-in stdlib
does. Collisions and missing prebuilt targets are hard errors.
Commands: x add / x get / x update / x verify / x vendor. New hermetic suite
`x test-pkg` (stands up throwaway git repos, offline) is gated inside `x test`.
Existing programs compile byte-for-byte identically (the import fallback only
fires when the local path is absent); the C-free bootstrap fixpoint holds and
the seed is regenerated. Full suite: 87 passed, package suite: 12 passed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A layered concurrency library, safe by default. The recommended tier is
Job.* / Promise.*: a Job is a future — Job.run(kind, arg) starts a
cooperative background compute that advances each Job.pump(budget) and
finishes after enough frames (heavy work spreads out instead of hitching),
or Job.defer + Job.fulfill/fail/cancel drives one by hand. Poll with
done/ok/failed/cancelled, read result/error, count outstanding work with
Job.pending. Promise.all/race combine handle lists into a group job resolved
on the main thread; Promise.count_done/all_done power a loading bar.
The advanced, opt-in Sync.* tier (mutex/atomic/channel + cpu_count) is the
"here be dragons" surface for engine-level message passing.
The whole thing is a deterministic cooperative scheduler: results are
collected on the main thread and a Job never touches the ECS world, so
lockstep and replays stay bit-exact — same jobs + same budget reproduce
byte-for-byte on every target, and a preemptive OS-thread backend can slot
behind this same API later. Ludic has no closures, so a Job carries a
compute kind + int arg (or a hand-driven defer) rather than fn()->…, and
Promise progress is polled rather than chained through then.
Written in Ludic and spliced on demand (like Regex/Dict/Numeric): a program
that never mentions Job.*/Promise.*/Sync.* compiles byte-identically and the
C-free bootstrap fixpoint is untouched. New: runtime/native/jobs.ludic,
emit_ns_call dispatch, parse-time splice, examples/library/jobs.ludic (31
self-asserting checks), 33 docs pages + inventory, changeset.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Types phase 5 (polish). A splice-on-demand numeric runtime
(runtime/native/numeric.ludic, built on the inline Math.* trig) behind three
namespaces:
- Huge.* — idle big numbers (normalized mantissa x 10^exponent): from/add/
sub/mul/neg/cmp/sign/mantissa/exp/str (scientific 1.23e45). Display-scale,
not lockstep-exact (BigInt/Decimal for exactness).
- Angle.* — auto-wrapping radians: from_degrees/to_degrees/wrap/sin/cos/add/
diff (shortest signed rotation)/lerp (shortest arc).
- Percent.* — clamped [0,1]: clamp/of/lerp/apply.
Remaining phase-5 items are already covered (duration=Duration.*,
rune=Unicode.*, i64=long) or need a type-checking pass (handle, typed name,
other sized ints) — tracked for later.
Wired: parser splice trigger (g_uses_numeric), emit_call dispatch, reseeded
seed, a self-asserting example (examples/library/numeric.ludic + feat_case),
per-symbol docs + inventory. All suites green incl. golden renders byte-
identical and the bootstrap fixpoint.
NOTE: fixed `const`s lower to raw-int-typed values (emit_call N_CONST), which
breaks fixed comparisons — the runtime uses inline fixed literals instead.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Types phase 4 — containers. A splice-on-demand open-addressing hash table
(runtime/native/dict.ludic, FNV-1a, linear probing, tombstones, grow at 0.7)
behind two namespaces:
- Dict.* — string -> int map: new/set/get/get_or/has/remove/size/clear/keys.
Resource counts, id/name registries. O(1) average vs a linear list scan.
- Set.* — set of strings: new/add/has/remove/size/clear/members. Tags,
unlocked achievements, visited tiles. Shares the same table.
Values are int (also an entity handle / small id); Value.* covers richer
maps. [T; N] inline fixed arrays remain future work — typed buffers and []T
slices already cover heap-backed arrays.
Wired: parser splice trigger (g_uses_dict), emit_call dispatch, reseeded seed,
a self-asserting example (examples/library/containers.ludic + feat_case), and
per-symbol docs + inventory. All suites green incl. golden renders byte-
identical and the bootstrap fixpoint.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Types phase 2 — the "money problem". A splice-on-demand bignum engine
(runtime/native/bignum.ludic, self-contained, only intrinsics) exposed as
two namespaces:
- BigInt.* — arbitrary-precision integer (sign-magnitude, base-1e9 limbs):
from/parse, add/sub/mul/pow, div/mod (by int), cmp/eq/is_zero, to_int, str.
For idle counters and exact huge currencies that overflow a 32/64-bit int.
- Decimal.* — exact base-10 fixed point (BigInt mantissa + decimal scale):
from/parse, exact add/sub/mul, cmp/eq, scale/rescale (truncate), str.
So 0.10 + 0.20 is exactly 0.30 — no binary rounding.
Both exact => deterministic; no f32/f64. Wired: parser splice trigger
(g_uses_bignum), emit_call dispatch, reseeded seed, a self-asserting example
(examples/library/bignum.ludic + feat_case), and per-symbol docs + inventory.
All suites green incl. golden renders byte-identical and the bootstrap fixpoint.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Adds the Http.* namespace and its transport, the HTTP client from #6. The JSON
companion the proposal called for already shipped as Json.* (#44).
- runtime/native/http.ll: the macOS transport — NSURLConnection driven through
the objc runtime C ABI (no ObjC/C source), run on a detached pthread so the
frame never blocks; TLS is the system's, on by default. A fixed slot pool holds
each in-flight request; the worker publishes status/body/response behind an
atomic done flag (release/acquire). Spliced + Foundation linked only when a
program uses Http.*.
- runtime/native/http.ludic: the Http.* runtime — get/post/request, the
open/set/body/send builder, poll/status/ok/text/body_len/header/free, plus a
pure-Ludic response parser (Http.parse + case-insensitive header lookup) that
is transport-independent and portable.
- compiler: Http.* dispatch, g_uses_http splice, hs_* transport intrinsics +
declarations, the conditional Foundation link, and a new \r string/char escape
the protocol needs.
- docs: a full docs/language/http section (16 pages); check-impl/check-docs green.
- test: examples/library/http.ludic self-asserts the parser offline (Darwin-gated
build via the canonical path, since it links Foundation).
Verified end to end against real endpoints: HTTPS GET (200 + headers + body) and
POST (body + custom header). HTTP is out-of-band and never feeds the
deterministic sim. Reseeded; suites green (81 + 29).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Adds the Audio.* namespace and its platform backend, the audio subsystem #22 was
blocked on.
- runtime/native/audio.ll: the macOS backend, AVAudioPlayer driven through the
objc runtime C ABI (no ObjC/C source), same style as cocoa.ll — snd_load /
play / stop / playing / set_volume / set_rate. Spliced and linked with
AVFoundation only when a windowed build actually uses Audio.* (needed_framework,
since AVAudioPlayer is reached by name).
- runtime/native/audio.ludic: the Audio.* runtime — a handle table, master
volume/pitch, a single music channel. load/play/play_sound/play_music/stop/
stop_music/stop_all/volume/pitch/is_playing. Every native call is
is_windowed()-guarded, so a headless build carries the API as no-ops (load
returns 0, is_playing false) and needs no audio device.
- compiler: Audio.* namespace dispatch, g_uses_audio splice, snd_* intrinsics +
declarations, and the conditional AVFoundation link in both the canonical
(main.ludic) and dev-runner (x app) paths.
- docs: a full docs/language/audio section (10 method pages); check-impl green.
- test: examples/library/audio.ludic self-asserts the headless no-op path.
Playback is out-of-band and never feeds the deterministic sim, but triggers are
frame-driven so replays fire the same sounds. Reseeded; suites green (80 + 29).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The raw device layer the input proposal sketched, over the action maps +
record/replay of #7. Beyond one key per frame, gameplay can read:
- Multiple simultaneous held keys: Input.key_down / key_pressed / key_released,
with clean rising/falling edges (hold left AND jump).
- Analog from keys: Input.axis(neg, pos) and a normalized Input.vector(l,r,u,d)
(diagonals scaled by 1/sqrt(2)), plus Input.strength(action).
- Mouse: Input.mouse_x/y, mouse_dx/dy (per-frame delta), mouse_down(btn), wheel.
- Gamepads: Input.pad_connected/pad_button/pad_axis (SDL-order buttons, -1..1
sticks); touch: Input.touch_count/touch_x/touch_y.
The held set is fed by the platform when windowed — cocoa.ll now tracks
keyDown/keyUp into a 256-bit held-key bitset (win_held) and the mouse
buttons/wheel (win_mouse), gated so headless builds DCE the native calls — and
by the Input.press / Input.set_mouse / Input.set_pad / Input.set_touch injection
on every target (Godot-style action injection: replays, AI, network-fed input).
Input.record / replay now snapshot the full per-frame device state (held set +
mouse), extending #7's single-key tape.
Everything is integer and deterministic, so the same inputs reproduce the same
frame on every run and headless. The gamepad/touch native hardware bindings
(GameController.framework / NSTouch) feed the same injected state and are the one
remaining platform-glue follow-up; the software layer, semantics and replay are
complete and driven deterministically today.
Worked example + regression: examples/library/input_device.ludic
(1 1 0 1 0 1 71 -71 5 1 3 1 2 1 0 0 1, injection-driven headless). 23 new
docs/language/input pages. Full suite 78 passed, self-host C-free fixpoint
intact, no golden drift; cocoa.ll assembles and a windowed build links.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The ergonomic layer over the engine-owned SpriteAnim/Motion systems (#43):
- Named clips: Anim.clip("run", frames, fps, mode) registers a clip by name and
Anim.play(entity, "run") plays it; Anim.play(entity, fps, frames, mode) sets
the clip directly. A name-keyed registry in systems.ludic.
- Frame events: Anim.on_frame(entity, frame) arms optional SpriteAnim
event_frame/event_fired fields; the engine flags the tick the clip first lands
on that frame, and Anim.fired(entity) reads it — the game reacts, so it stays
inside the no-runtime-dispatch event model.
- Motion.to(entity, from, to, dur, ease) starts a value tween over the Motion
component in one call (reflection-ABI writes, resetting the timer).
- Fluent Tween handles (runtime/native/tween.ludic): Tween.to / Tween.chain /
Tween.delay build a sequenced, disposable handle advanced by a new engine-owned
system (esys_tween, run each Update tick); Tween.value / Tween.done /
Tween.parallel / Tween.stop read and control it. The 1-arg Tween.done(handle)
is disambiguated from the 2-arg pure Tween.done(timer, dur).
Splicing: g_uses_anim_rt pulls in systems.ludic; g_uses_tween_rt pulls in
tween.ludic and inserts esys_tween into the Update phase. All integer and
deterministic, so animation and motion reproduce exactly under replay/lockstep.
Worked example + regression: examples/library/anim_sugar.ludic
(4 8 2 1 0 100 100 0 0 1 20 20 30 0 1). Twelve new docs pages (Anim, the new
Motion namespace, Tween handles). Full suite 77 passed, self-host C-free fixpoint
intact, no golden drift.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The two ideas the input revamp leads with, built in Ludic over the
single-key poll every target already provides:
- Action maps: gameplay reads named actions, not physical keys, so keys
are rebindable and a scheme is data. Input.bind(action, key),
Input.down/pressed(action), Input.rebind(action, from, to).
- Deterministic record/replay: Input.poll() is the one per-frame input
read; Input.record() captures the key each frame and Input.replay()
feeds the tape back, so a run reproduces exactly — the seed of lockstep
netcode. "Read input" and "read a recorded snapshot" are the same call.
runtime/native/input.ludic (spliced when the new Input.* methods are used;
pulls in core.ludic for rt_poll). emit_ns_call routes the methods to the
@fn_input_* runtime; parse.ludic gates the splice. Seven docs/language
pages; worked example + regression examples/library/input_actions.ludic
(1 0 1 1 0 1 0). Full suite 75 passed, self-host fixpoint intact, no golden
drift. The device layer (multi-key held, gamepads, touch, analog) needs a
platform key-state backend and is tracked separately.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
