- the test runner re-makes every state between tests again: since 12fdc07 a state is made by its getter on
first use, so re-running L_init_globals left the last test's state in place (state/tested failed its
second test); @L_reset_states forgets every lazy state, and the runner calls it before each test
- diag_json_case counts errors, and an absent @Ref / @Tint / @OneOf target is a warning since d82dc31:
ref_unknown is 1 error and node_bad 8
- schema_hash.ludic prints 1: a bool is 1 or 0 as text (random_plain's 1 1 1)
- permap_check_case looks for the unit warning without the quotes the JSON escapes
- baked_test's inputs-hash test makes its directory: each test has a temp directory of its own
- ludic deps prints phase 25's five counters too
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
examples/lang/permap (two maps, a chunked table with a negative, a positive and a
missing chunk, constants and fn by name, a nested list, a cross-row @Ref, a reload
shrinking in place, a bad file's file:line:col; built under arena strict with an @On
frame root), --check fixtures for a wrong field, a wrong type, an unknown constant and
a dangling cross-row @Ref, @Ref(PerMap) on an int, as PREFIX, and a @Unit warning.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- @PerMap registry R of T from "file.lres" reads <maps root>/<map>/file.lres at run time
(package.ludic's new `maps` line, default assets/maps); @Chunked(n) one file per chunk,
{cx}/{cz} in its name. No as PREFIX, no constants, no def, never open.
- permap_gen: state R, r_load/_clear/_find/_path; chunked: RChunk, r_in/_out/_slot/_find/
_clear/_path; a typed reset and fill per record over lres.ludic, rows, lists and list
records pooled per table / chunk slot, @alloc_ok on what grows at high water.
- permap_consts: lres_consts__(), the program's int and float constants by name.
- permap_check: ludicc --check reads every map directory (fields, types, constants, fn,
@OneOf/@Range/@Ref, cross-row @Ref keys in the same map, a key twice); --no-maps skips.
- @Ref(PerMapTable) is refused on a non-string field; the schema says scope/chunk per
registry and scope map on such a Ref, and lists the canonical @Unit spellings; any other
@Unit spelling is a warning naming the canonical one.
- reseeded (mac + win seeds; bootstrap-cfree out.ll == seed.ll).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A prebuilt tool, bin/ludic-ui-preview (built by ludic-dev build, shipped beside ludic-lsp, run as
`ludic ui-preview [--font DIR]`): ludic.ui with a backend that records every draw call as a line,
and mock component classes the studio describes (load / model / calls). frame t runs ui_show at
interface time t; text is measured on the CPU with the game's font.json metrics; locale goes
through ludic.i18n; tree / box / rules inspect the frame. No game code, no GPU, no network. The wire
protocol is frozen as tools/ui-preview/protocol-v1.md; smoke.txt is a transcript to run.
ludic.ui gains, all additive: UiClass.make_of, UiBackend.said / emitted, UiRule.text / at (with
comment line breaks kept so rule lines count true, and a class's styles read under its .lss path),
and ui_root, ui_find, ui_rules_of, ui_rule_value, ui_building, ui_class, ui_class_load,
ui_file_forget, ui_errors_clear; ui_nine_cuts_into exported.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Each UI component: module, place, doc, xml and lss paths, props and state
(type, default as written, place, doc), states_read (the header's states),
derived fields with their types, functions and events as the template calls
them (states and instance stripped), and the native tags its template uses.
natives: every ui_native / ui_native_input call with a literal tag - tag, via,
handler, place. schema_version stays 1; the lists are additions.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
--emit-schema FILE writes the compiler's resolved view once the program type-checks: every
record (fields, types, defaults as written, docs, places, attributes), every registry with its
entries in their final order after the open-registry merge (key, constant, index, file:line:col
of the entry and of each field value, and which file contributed which keys), every const, and
the zero-argument functions a fn value can name. Deterministic, schema_version 1; the runtime is
left out. `ludic schema [file] [-o FILE]` wraps it.
--check --diagnostics=json prints every error as one JSON array on stdout: the checker's and the
module rules' all, a parse or lowering error as the last. Tokens and nodes now carry a column.
Fields take several @attributes; @Ref(Registry), @OneOf(PREFIX_), @Range(lo, hi), @Unit("..."),
@Asset("..."), @Color on a field and @AppendOnly / @ByKey on a registry change nothing but go into
the schema, and @Ref naming no registry is an error (every one reported). Fixtures:
examples/lang/attributes.ludic, examples/rejected/ref_unknown.ludic, cases in ludic-dev test.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Most of a build was one clang -O2 on one .ll (the game: 32 s of a 41 s headless build, one core).
Both paths that assemble - the CLI's (build.ludic: ludicc --emit-llvm, then clang) and ludicc's own
(-o, which ludic bundle and the examples use) - now cut the program's IR into N parts with llvm-split
(externalizing what the parts share), compile them with one clang each in parallel (-x ir -O<opt>
-mmacosx-version-min=11.0, the link's own clang taking the objects where it took the .ll), and remove
the parts and objects after. N is $LUDIC_JOBS, else min(cores, free GB / 1.5).
It needs an llvm-split and a clang of the same LLVM (Homebrew's LLVM 22 writes attributes Apple's
clang 17 cannot read): $LUDIC_LLVM, else /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin. With either missing, on Windows
(its shell cannot run the parts at once yet), with LUDIC_SPLIT=0, or when a part fails, it compiles the
.ll whole as before.
$LUDIC_OPT=1 is a developer's faster build; ludic bundle sets LUDIC_OPT=2 for its compile whatever the
shell says.
Measured before the compile-only rule (this Mac, 12 cores, one build at a time):
- the game headless: 37-41 s -> 13-15.5 s (8 parts / by free memory), peak 2.1 GB -> 1.0-1.1 GB;
- the lab headless: 43.1 s -> 12.7 s, peak 2.4 GB -> 1.0 GB;
- the game at LUDIC_OPT=1, split: 11.8 s (fps cost not measured).
Both built and linked clean; the goldens and a headless shot of the result are not run here.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A switch a library reads only as a process starts - libmalloc's MallocLargeCache, which on a game
keeps ~200-300 MB of freed load buffers - has to be in the environment before main. For a .app started
from Finder, the Dock or `open` that is Info.plist's LSEnvironment; `app env` is repeatable and each
K=V becomes a string in it. bundle_case's probe app carries one and checks it with plutil.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- The arrows, a press on the select and the pad step past a disabled option (ct_opt_step), wrapping
as before.
- A value naming a disabled option is shown as the nearest enabled one (the lower of two as near) and
set to it once the build is done: an event fired while the tree is built is cleared with the frame's,
so the clamp is queued (ct_clamp_n / _i) and fired after nt_fired_clear.
- The < or > whose next option is disabled is drawn disabled (its part's :disabled), so a cycler shows
where the options stop being on; it still steps past them.
- ct_build_select moves to controls_opts.ludic with the rest (controls_build.ludic 119 -> 104 lines).
Golden ui_select_disabled: options 3 and 4 disabled, a value of 4 clamps to 2, > is drawn disabled
there, > wraps to 0 and < from 0 steps back to 2. The 38 ui examples pass.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Master's windowed fog profile failed the fence at walk t 35 s: +512 B from value_new / value_put /
value_slot / value_lists under bd_class and cmp_keycap_model - a KeyCap first shown mid-walk.
It is a first build, bounded, not a per-show leak: an unmounted instance goes to in_free and the next
show of its class reuses it (in_reuse, `renew`), its props and model objects kept and filled in place.
Only a NEW instance makes them - bounded by how many of that class are up at once, and the ones
unmounted less than two builds ago. in_reuse already declared the record; the props and model objects
and their first fill, made afterwards in bd_class, were not. They are now: in_reuse marks a new record
`fresh`, and bd_class's first fill of it goes through bd_first_fill (@alloc_ok) - a reused instance's
fill stays judged, so a real per-show leak would still fail.
Golden ui_first_show: a component first shown at frame 700, once the fence is judging, then hidden and
shown twice more: bad 0 (the toolchain before this fails frame 701: +464 B value_new from value_slot
under cmp_cell_model, value_put grow - the profile's failure). The 37 ui examples pass.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Maroon Lake's launcher watcher - a process that only spawns the game and waits - held 58 MB, 48 MB of
it MALLOC_SMALL. Measured with malloc stack logging it was not the state defaults but L_grow: every
program sized every property type's per-entity store to MAX_ENT (1024) slots at start, 1,583 stores,
entities or none. And every state record was made with its defaults in L_init_globals before Boot.
- emit_lazy.ludic: a program's (not the runtime's) state global is left out of L_init_globals, and
every read of it calls @S_<global>(), which makes it on first call from its own initializer - after
every registry and plain global, so a default may read them (the init-order crash cannot come back
through a state). What a getter makes is declared (@lp_fdecl): a state first touched in play is made
once and not judged as a frame's keep. A function value's trampoline calls the getter too.
- L_grow starts the stores at ECS_FIRST (8) and doubles as entities come, as it always did past MAX_ENT.
The watcher (with the game's watch step moved before the systems' defs): 57 MB -> 11 MB; the only
state it makes is UiState (14 KB). What is left: AppKit's window, opened by rt_init before main for any
windowed program (~4 MB), and the runtime's font, image and 2D inits (~1.2 MB).
Goldens: the arena, fence, value and json goldens; the 36 ui examples; 30 of the 32 ECS test cases
(sprite_render and sprite_atlas time out under a plain runner with the toolchain before this too).
Package tests: ludic.base, save, settings, i18n.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A load freed only the parsed trip's nodes (Json.free) and kept every string the parser made, because
a loader might keep one; free_all freed every string and every key, so on a tree a migration had
added a literal to (`Value.put(v, "sver", Value.str("2"))`) it freed the literal and aborted.
- The parser marks the string values it makes (JP_OWNED, in the node's otherwise unused num) and
interns object keys (a few names, never freed); free_all frees only marked strings, never keys,
and a list's spares too. A setter that gives a marked node other text (value_set_str/_strs,
value_into_str/_strs, value_become) frees the parser's text first. value_as_int / _as_float read a
string as 0 as before.
- ludic.base sv_str returns intern(...): every package load that keeps a text read from a section
(minimap labels, a Thing's look, photo tags and files, an effect's label, ...) holds its own copy.
Golden json_free_edited: parse, put a literal key and string in, set a string, keep an interned copy,
free_all - 1100 loads: the copy reads on and nothing grows (the toolchain before this aborts, 134).
Tests: ludic.save, base, settings, minimap, things, photo, effects; json_saves, value_list_regrow; the
36 ui examples.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
From the user's play, reproduced on Maroon Lake's customisation screen with the pointer scripted over
each control (the lab's R3D_CLICKS): nothing on it was ever pressed or hovered.
- A screen's root <div> round a positioned panel (a component's root holding the kit Screen's
modal) lays out to 0x0, and the hit test (fr_pick) and :hover (fr_under) only walked into a child
whose box held the point - so nothing under it was reachable. A box with no size holds no point and
clips nothing: both look through it now (fr_empty), without hovering it.
- A control's parts (a select's < and >, a range's thumb) are made by ct_part, which never set
`hovered`: `select .ui-prev:hover` could not match anywhere. It is set as an element's is.
Golden ui_pointer_through: the panel's button pressed and hovered through the empty root, and a
select's > hovered (before this: pressed 0, hovered 0). The 36 ui examples pass.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
From the user's play: clicking an item in the pack opened nothing, and the wardrobe's picks did
not respond - both are a component whose button says `emit click` (ItemCell, LookCell, ListRow),
answered by its user's on-click. An on-* attribute's name is kept as a browser would have it, so
on-click is on-press (tpl_event), and the emit looked for "click" and found nothing. An emitted
name now goes through the same tpl_event.
And a settings cycler's left arrow did the right one's job: any press let go on a select stepped it
forward. ct_activate_at steps back when it is let go over the select's .ui-prev; Enter and the rest
of the select still step forward.
Goldens ui_emit_click (the mouse and a press both reach on-click; with the toolchain before this,
neither does) and ui_select_arrows (1 -> 0 on <, then 2 on > >; before this, 1 -> 2 on <). The 33
ui examples pass.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
From the fence's kept frames in 22 minutes of play:
- A component field that is a record or a list of records was `value_put(o, k, view_val_T(x))`,
a whole new tree every frame (HudPrompt's notifications). view_fill.ludic generates view_set_T /
view_set_list_T / view_fill_T that fill the object and list under the key in place.
- value_list_fit dropped the items it cut off and value_item made new ones as the list grew back,
a Value per item per regrowth (value_item / value_set_strs); the cut-off items are now the
list's spares (Val.spare), and an item of another kind is turned rather than replaced.
- ludic.ui: a scroll box's "scroll" and a slider's "change" fired a fresh Value.float a frame
(sc_walk, scroll.ludic:36); ui_fire_float takes one from a ring kept with the state (fired.ludic).
ui_object_fit_into is exported, for a draw that keeps its list.
- Json.read_file(path): read, parsed, and the file's text given back - Json.parse(Fs.read_text())
kept the whole file on every read (Maroon Lake's settings peeks).
Golden value_list_regrow: a list alternating 6 and 2 items every frame keeps nothing (the toolchain
before this fails it: +128 B new Val from value_item). Game compiles; ludic.i18n/settings/hints/
base tests pass (ludic.ui has none); arena and fence goldens unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A block took whatever @lp_site held when it was made. Only malloc, calloc, realloc, concat, the number
texts, the float text, a substring and Text.* set one, so every other runtime helper - intern,
Text.repeat and the string builders, the Fs, Os, unicode, uuid and crypto helpers - was charged to
whichever line had allocated last (walk 9 blamed gvk_tex_storage, m4_new, kept_push$int and
survey_op_reward for intern's 16 B copies).
- Any `call ptr @lp_*` now takes a site of its own, its kind the callee's name when no better one is
known (intern, str_repeat, fs_list, ...). What the helper makes, in however many blocks and
through whichever helpers it calls in turn, is that line's.
- When the call returns, @lp_site goes back to site 0, now named "(runtime) (no site) unsited": a
block made with no site of its own says so instead of borrowing the last one.
- The ECS stores' grows and a mod's registered stores - the only allocations emitted outside
emit_bind - take a site each.
Golden alloc_fence_sites: two lines take turns keeping memory, Text.repeat and a record, every frame
judged. Each report names its own line (25 x +32 B str_repeat at :11, 25 x +16 B new Box at :12);
the toolchain before this charges 23 of the 32 B texts to the new Box line. The other fence and arena
goldens are unchanged; ludic.base's tests pass; the game's frame ratchets are 0 on main 7cb2b164.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Two blind spots from the windowed walk, where the heap grew about 1 MB a minute and the census read
`frames 0 bad 0 kept 0`:
- @alloc_ok memory was never held to its reason. Every R3D_ALLOC_DWIN judged frames (600) each site's
declared bytes are set against their high-water mark: a new high adds to a streak, a flat window
takes one off, a fall ends it. R3D_ALLOC_DRISE (6) is "declared but unbounded", said once per site
with its line; fail mode exits 86. The census adds `unbounded N` and a `dsite` row per declared
site by its growth since judging began. A list pushed forever grows by doubling, rising too seldom
to make a streak; a record or text made every time (a re-mount's defaults) is what it catches.
- Mem.play() (every screen opened) restarted the warm-up, so memory kept every frame was never flat,
the cap never came, and nothing was ever judged. A rewarm now keeps the first deadline, and past it
has R3D_ALLOC_REWARM frames (120) of grace.
Goldens: alloc_fence_unbounded (a record a frame under @alloc_ok: exit 86, named, census unbounded 1);
alloc_fence_rewarm (kept every frame, Mem.play() every 360: judged and failed at frame 3000 - the
toolchain before this runs all 6000 frames and exits 0). alloc_fence_leak, _declared, _auto,
alloc_ok_private and the four arena goldens unchanged; the game's frame ratchets 0.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
render3d's stream_new holds its pool through a local (`let live = s.chunks; push(live, new
Chunk)`): the flow edge from s.chunks to live carried ESC to nothing, the Chunk records were
LOCAL, and the arena reset them under the stream - the row and horse scenarios' crash at
0xdddd... in fn_stream_update. An ESC class is now HEAP too, so every alias of kept memory is,
and a value stored through it is kept. Bidirectional alias edges were tried first and over-kept
through returns (el_place, rim).
- examples/lang/arena_alias.ludic: the stream_new shape; poisoned it read 3 3000, now 3 1518
- examples/modules/alloc_ok_private.ludic: @alloc_ok on a module's private function and on a
statement in its private generic, declared at run time (it already passes: a guard)
- the game: frame_allocs, frame_keeps, owned_leaks 0; the lab builds under `arena strict`; the row
scenario poisoned (R3D_ARENA_CHECK=1, 2400 frames) runs clean, bad 0 kept 0
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Two more holes of the arena's family, found from ECS's births:
- a function called through a function value (UiClass.make's cmp_x_new, a step list, a System's tick)
has its result flow nowhere the analysis can see, so what it returned looked LOCAL - and a caller
keeping it (ludic.ui's instance table) would keep scratch. Every function taken as a value (fn f)
now has its result kept.
- an entry block has no name, and the analysis only walked named declarations: what an entry stored
was never seen. It is walked now.
examples/lang/arena_fnval.ludic (a factory in a field, its records kept by a pool across frames)
crashed poisoned before and prints '5 1053' as the heap does now; in ludic-dev test. Maroon Lake:
component constructors are kept, not births (birth_leaks 115 -> 103); what fn values return is kept
(frame_allocs 194 -> 210, frame_keeps 151 -> 162); 5293 sites local, 6586 kept.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
What @alloc_ok covers (a function and its callees, a statement, a statement in a generic's body on
every instance) was counted apart in the frame's verdict, but its sites still carried the bytes the
report and the census rank by, so a declared site was listed as if the frame failed for it. Declared
bytes now have their own per-site counter and never enter live, a site's row or the verdict:
examples/lang/alloc_fence_declared.ludic, all three forms after warm-up, passes the failing fence
('bad 0 kept 0', 1488 bytes declared), with and without the arena, and an undeclared site in the same
frame is still the one listed.
The reachability scan's sites are now the largest first (R3D_ALLOC_SCAN_TOP, 24 by default), and
R3D_ALLOC_SCAN_FILE=<file> appends every site that holds unreachable bytes: the whole table to triage.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A field's default is one expression, walked at every 'new' of its record: marked LOCAL by a frame's
temporary, it stayed marked when a record a pool keeps was made from it, and that record's list came
from the frame's scratch. The marks are now taken off any node one walk found kept.
examples/lang/arena_defaults.ludic is the case (a pool's record made in frame 3, a temporary of the
same type every frame): foundations 1315baf crashes on it poisoned; this prints '497 124747', as the
heap does. In ludic-dev test.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
memory_final's gate crashed in all 13 scenarios at the first frame of play, R3D_ARENA_CHECK=1 reading
0xDD in ludic.ui's nd_take: a node the pool keeps had come from the frame's scratch. Two holes:
- a call to a generic (ui_kept(list, n)) names the generic, and the analysis knows only its instances
(ui_kept$UiNode), so the callee looked unknown - and an unknown callee was taken to keep nothing.
A generic's call now reaches every instance, and an unknown callee keeps everything it is handed,
but for a short list of intrinsics known to keep nothing; view() shares its list's storage.
- a push's growth into a parameter's list was LOCAL whenever the list was not seen kept, though a
parameter may be a state's list. A site is LOCAL now only when its class is neither ESC nor HEAP.
examples/lang/arena_pool.ludic is the shape (a pool keeping records across frames through a generic
push): built with --arena it prints '7 3498' poisoned on every reset and with the arena off, in
ludic-dev test. On the valley every ludic.ui pool site is kept; 5480 sites local, 6431 kept.
Also, from ECS: a record's field defaults are stored into it when it is made, a global's initializer
is kept, and a component's own functions are frame roots (they run while its page is open).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A field marked @owns(PhysShape) holds a handle its record owns. A function that releases one owned
field of a record (body_free(w, s.body)) and neither releases nor hands on another owned field of
the same record type (s.shape) gives the first back and loses the second - the phys_remove bug, at
compile time. ludic deps --resources (or --owned) lists them; owned_leaks is a number --check
ratchets. A test: the function that frees a solid's body alone is the one found; the one that frees
both is not.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A function marked @creates(PhysShape) makes a handle one marked @releases(PhysShape) gives back.
ludic deps --resources lists every creating call whose handle is thrown away, or bound to a local
that is never released, passed on, stored or returned, and resource_drops is a number --check
ratchets. A test: a thrown-away create and one bound and never handed on are the two found; one
stored in a state and one released are not. A record's owned fields and a borrow form (a shape
used by several scaled ones) are the second half, with a resource type.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
ludic deps --births lists every site the escape analysis finds kept by nothing and not the frame
arena's - boot and load code, a function spanning frames, frame code with the arena off - which is
made and dropped and never given back; birth_leaks is a number --check ratchets. A text used up by +
or == where it is made is freed at once and not counted; nor is what @alloc_ok covers.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
keep(x) copies a string, a slice (header and elements) or a record (shallow) onto the heap; intern(s)
hands back one heap string per distinct text from a fixed table in the runtime (FNV-1a, 65536 slots,
copied the first time; past 49152 only copied). Both are how frame code keeps what it made on purpose:
the escape analysis takes the copy as the heap's and leaves the argument LOCAL.
The analysis now records why a class escapes (the store, the event, the global it reached) and
ludic deps lists every allocation frame code makes and keeps - fkeep lines, 'ludic deps --keeps',
the frame_keeps number --check ratchets - leaving out what is under @alloc_ok and a push's growth
(25.5's capacities). --arena-strict (or 'arena strict') makes each an error naming the store, before
anything is emitted. A test: a template stored into a state is the one error; keep and intern of the
next two, an @alloc_ok push and a scratch temporary are not; 195 frames of arena resets under
R3D_ARENA_CHECK=1 later the kept and interned texts read as made, and intern gives the same string.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
emit_escape.ludic: every value is in a class, joined by flow edges (a let, an assignment, an argument
into its parameter, a result into the call) and store edges (a field, an element, a push). HEAP (a
parameter, a state, a global, what an unknown call hands back) flows forward; ESC (stored into
something HEAP, into a global, into an event's fields or named values, handed to an unknown callee)
flows backward, and from an ESC or HEAP target along a store. A load is its base's class. A site that
is neither ESC nor in a function reaching Mem.frame is LOCAL (Node.uns = ES_SCRATCH). ludicc
--escape-report prints each site and the totals; nothing is emitted differently yet - the arena that
allocates the LOCAL sites is next.
@alloc_ok on a generic now covers its instances (kept_push$NetFact is under kept_push's), and a
statement's @alloc_ok is carried on the node (Node.uns), so a generic's clone keeps it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
